다윈 진화론의 역사적 배경

Abstract

A biological revolution raised by Charles Darwin in the last nineteenth century represented a turning point in the western social thought. Darwin's evolutionary theory essentially discussioned the sphere of biology. But the terms of 'the struggle for existence' and 'the survival of the fittest or natural selection' which constructed Darwin's evolutionary theory were represented an attempts to apply his theories to human society, and for these 'Social Darwinism' is an appropriate enough label. Basically 'Social Darwinism' was a description of political ideology which it justified a sense of superiority of the propertied classes as consider Darwin's theory in relation to progress of human society. Social Darwinism emergenced in the last nineteenth century, after this it used to social theory or social policy which was interpreted the presented economic, political, and social situation in Europe. And from now on World War I, Social Darwinism declined. In this paper, on the basis of Darwin's terminology, I examined historical transformation of Darwin's evolutionary theory. In this respect, in chapter II, on the basis of a point on publication of The Origin of Species(1&59), I examined a course of the formation of Darwin's evolutionay theory. In chapter ID, on the basis of a dispute point on the intellectual relation to Darwin and Thomas R. Malthus, I examined connection of Darwin's evolutionary theory and Social Darwinism. In chapter N, on the basis of a dispute point on the intellectual relation to Darwin and Herbert Spencer. I examined relation of Darwin's evolutionary theory and Social Darwinism The conclusion to which this investigation comes that the struggle for existence and the survival of the fittist is not origin from Darwin. The struggle for existence was term used by Malthus and the survival of the fittist was belong to Spencer. This point had reason for used by Social Darwinists. In this way Darwin's evolutionary theory was transformed by Social Darwinists, then it was used only social matters with the exception of biological contents. In conclusion Social Darwinists made a tool of a theoretical justification to contents and terms of Malthus and Spencer which was not related with biological evolution. and they was intended that it was invested by a public authority from a distinguished schalar named Darwin.