티베리우스 그락쿠스 農地法의 制定 背景에 대한 硏究

Abstract

After establishing republicanism at the end of the sixth century B.C., Rome extended its territory by winning the external wars. But the prosperity caused many other problems. The most outstanding changes appeared in agriculture. The traditional farmers who had small land gradually went to ruin. The extension of the huge land management of the public land was regarded as a factor which led the small farmers' economy to the crisis, because it made small farmers alienated in using the common land. What made this worse was the army service for a long term. Therefore the small Italian farmers almost ruined or failed. Roman civil army had a base on independent farmers. The citizens were divided by five classes according to their possession, and people who was able to arm by themselves were called 'assidui'. The gradual ruin of the small farmers brought about the decrease of 'assidui'. Faced with the decrease of 'assidui', Rome cut down their property tax. In the past, the person who didn't belong to 'assidui' had a army service. The ruin of the small farmers due to army service was fatal to proletarii who came to have a army service because of the decrease of the property tax. The military system by C. Marius 107 B.C. was a decision of the Senate. This led the Senate to be isolated and individual heroism and a factional strife was a factor which threatened republication itself. But the Senate did't try any reformation for solving this crisis. Tiberius promoted the agricultural law to regain his honor back which Scipio deprived of and to maintain his political life. This law made the poor its supporter and gave his sponsor political power. Hut this law was unfair to almost of the rich. They were opposed to the agricultural law through Octavius in the tribunus plebis. Because Tiberius's political opponents considered that he tried to kill the king, they committed the first crime to kill tribunus plebis. Considering that the ruin of the farmer class was caused by army service, there lied a contradiction in Tiberius's intention to increase the Roman farmer force. Therefore we should find the reason why Tiberius set out the agricultural law not in solving socio-economic problems and military things but in the political problems and its background.