화서학파의 의리관과 유인석의 시세 인식 – 석과불식(碩果不食)과 중행독복(中行獨復)을 중심으로 –

Abstract

After the mid-19th century, the collapse of Confucian civilization by the West became visible. Sensing this, confucian scholars in Joseon showed a different perspective from the existing righteousness theory. The Hwaseo school is representative. They justified their arguments and practices by citing Seokgwabulsik(碩果不食) and Junghaengdokbok(中行獨復) in I-Ching(易經). Of course, there were differences between them at different times and situations. Lee Hang-ro continued the traditional meaning. His disciples Kim Pyeong-mook and Yoo Jung-kyo reinforced the sense of crisis, but also emphasized the active action of wise men. By 1905, however, hope had all but disappeared. The end of the Korean Empire was the extinction of the energy of the Yang(陽) symbolized by Seokgwabulsik. Yoo In-seok left his country in 1908, and saw the possibility of the resurrection of the empire in China after the Sinhae Revolution. The colonization of Korea and changes in China influenced his view of the time again. He hoped that Joseon's role as SoJunghwa(小中華) ended, and Confucian civilization would be revived in China. It was also the restoration of the traditional order of Sadae(事大). But objectively, the expectations could only remain on a declarative level.