교대근무자의 회복력과 수면 및 방어 특성
Resilience and Characteristics of Sleep and Defense among Shift Work Nurses
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목 적：교대근무는 상당한 스트레스 상황이며 교대근무에 잘 적응하는 정도와 관련된 요인들을 아는 것은 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 교대근무 간호사들의 회복력과 관련된 수면 및 성격 관련 요인들을 조사해보고자 했다. 방 법：일 대학병원에서 3교대 근무를 하고 있는 간호사 95명을 대상으로 자가 설문지 조사를 시행했다. 코너-데이비드슨 회복력 척도, 병원 불안-우울 척도, 아침형-저녁형 질문지와 피츠버그 수면의 질 지수를 포함한 수면 관련 설문, 한국판 방어유형 질문지를 이용했다. 결 과：회복력과 유의한 상관을 보인 요소들은 근무자들의 나이, 근무 기간, offday oversleep, HAD-D 및 HAD-A 점수, DSQ의 적응적 방어유형, 자기억제적 방어유형이었다(p ＜ 0.05). 다중회귀분석에서는 나이가 많을 수록(β = 0.34, p ＜ 0.05), 우울 증상이 적을 수록(β = -0.25, p ＜ 0.05), 적응적 방어유형을 많이 사용할 수록(β = 0.45, p ＜ 0.001), 자기억제적 방어유형을 적게 사용할 수록(β = -0.19, p ＜ 0.05) 회복력이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 방어기제들의 경우 체념이 적을 수록(β = -0.20, p ＜ 0.05), 승화(β = 0.19, p ＜ 0.05)와 전능(β = 0.19, p ＜ 0.05), 유머(β = 0.20, p ＜ 0.05)를 많이 사용할 수록 회복력이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 결 론：본 연구에서는 일 대학병원의 3교대 근무 간호사들의 특정 방어유형 및 방어기제가 회복력과 관계된다는 것을 밝힐 수 있었다. 추후 더 많은 교대근무 간호사들을 대상으로 회복력과 관련된 수면 및 성격 관련 인자들을 밝히는 전향적 연구가 가능할 것이다.
Abstract
Objectives: Shift work is a stressful situation. It is important to know the factors associated with the ability to adapt to a shift work schedule. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between sleep, as well as personality variables, and the resilience of shift work nurses. Method: Self-report questionnaires were administered to 95 nurses who worked in one national university hospital. Connor-Davidson resilience scale, hospital anxiety and depression scale, morningness-eveningness scale, Pittsburgh sleep quality index, other sleep-related questionnaires, and Korean defense style questionnaires were used. Results: Age, shift work duration, off-day oversleep, depression, anxiety, adaptive defense style, and self-suppressive defense style were significantly associated with resilience (p ＜ 0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed that age (β = 0.34, p ＜ 0.05), depression (β = -0.25, p ＜ 0.05), adaptive defense style (β = 0.45, p ＜ 0.001), and self-suppressive defense style (β = -0.19, p ＜ 0.05) significantly predicted the resilience of shift work nurses. Concerning individual defense mechanisms, resignation (β = -0.20, p ＜ 0.05), sublimation (β = 0.19, p ＜ 0.05), omnipotence (β = 0.19, p ＜ 0.05), and humor (β = 0.20, p ＜ 0.05) significantly predicted the resiliency. Conclusion: The findings indicate that a specific defense style and other mechanisms were associated with the resilience of shift work nurses. A future prospective study with more participants could further clarify the relationship between sleep-related variables, as well as personality factors, and resilience of shift work nurses.
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