일 도시지역 청소년의 자살사고 유병률과 위험인자에 대한 연구
Prevalence and Related Risk Factors of Suicidal Ideation in Urban Adolescents
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목 적：본 연구에서는 한국의 청소년을 대상으로 자살사고 고위험군의 비율과 청소년에서 자살사고와 관련된 예측인자에 대해서 조사해 보았다. 방 법：일 도시지역 중고등학생 3,691명(남자 2,159명, 여자 1,532명, 평균연령 15.31 ± 1.46)을 대상으로 하였다. 대상자들은 사회인구학적 정보를 비롯한 학급성적, 신체적 혹은 정신 질환유무, 평일 평균수면시간, 평일과 주말 사교육시간, 주관적인 상담의 필요성, Beck 우울척도(Beck depression inventory, 이하 BDI), Reynolds 자살생각척도(Reynolds’ sui-cide ideation questionnaire, 이하 SIQ)에 대한 자가보고식 설문지를 작성하였다. 결 과：전체 대상자 중 168명(4.6%)이 SIQ 62점 이상의 자살사고 고위험군으로 분류되었다. 다중로지스틱 회귀분석에서는 여성(p = 0.002), 더 어린나이(p ＜ 0.001), 낮은 학교성적(p = 0.043), 높은 BDI 척도 점수(p ＜ 0.001)가 자살사고 고위험군의 예측인자로 나타났다. 자살사고 고위험군에서는, 더 어린나이(p = 0.045)와 높은 BDI 점수(p ＜ 0.001)가 높은 SIQ 점수와 연관된 것으로 나타났다. 결 론：본 연구 결과는 여성, 어린나이, 낮은 학교성적, 우울감이 청소년 자살사고의 고위험군의 예측인자였고, 특히자살사고 고위험군 중에서는 어린나이와 우울감이 심한 청소년들에게 더 많은 관심을 기울여야함을 보여주었다. 따라서 청소년 자살을 예방하기 위해서는, 이러한 위험요인을 가지고 있는 청소년들에 대해 적극적인 관심과 개입이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the present study is to assess the prevalence and related risk factors of suicide ideation among middle and high school students in an urban area. Methods: We surveyed 3,691 middle and high school students (2,159 male, 1,532 female, 11-19 years of age) using a self-report questionnaire that covered basic socio-demographic data, academic achievements, presence of physical or psychiatric illness, sleep duration on weekdays, time spent at private academies on weekdays and weekends, and subjective needs for counseling. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Reynolds’ Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire (SIQ) were included in the survey. Results: The prevalence of students with high suicide ideation (SIQ ≥ 62) was 4.6%. In a logistic regression model, female sex (p = 0.002), younger age (p ＜ 0.001), poor academic achievement (p = 0.043) and higher score of BDI (p ＜ 0.001) were associated with a higher SIQ score. In addition, younger age (p = 0.045) and a higher BDI score (p ＜ 0.001) were associated with a higher SIQ score adolescents having high suicide ideation (SIQ ≥ 62). Conclusion: Related risk factors of suicide ideation in adolescents were female sex, younger age, poor academic achievement, and a depressive mood. It would be especially helpful to pay more attention to younger adolescents and a depressive mood as a high-risk group. The understanding of these factors will be helpful for providing an effective suicide screening and prevention program for adolescents.
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