주관적-객관적 수면시간 차이를 보이는 불면증 환자에서 일반적 불안에 비해 불면증 관련 자극으로 인한 뇌활성에 관한 기능적 자기공명영상 연구
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Brain Reactivity to Insomnia-Related vs. General Anxiety-Inducing Stimuli in Insomnia Patients with Subjective-Objective Discrepancy of Sleep
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목 적：주관적-객관적 수면시간의 차이는 불면증의 흔한 증상이자 주요한 유형이다. 본 연구는 주관적-객관적 수면시간 차이가 있는 불면증군, 주관적-객관적 수면시간 차이가 없는 불면증군, 건강대조군을 대상으로 전반적 불안- 유발 자극에 대비하여 불면-관련 자극에 대한 뇌활성의 군간 차이가 있는지를 밝히고자 하였다. 방 법：모든 피험자들은 수면일기와 임상척도로 주관적수면상태를, 수면다원검사와 활동기록기로 객관적 수면상태와 불면증 외의 수면장애를 확인하였다. 기능적 뇌영상촬영동안 불면증-관련 문장 자극과 일반 불안-유발 문장자극을 피험자들에게 주어 유발되는 뇌활성의 세 군간 차이가 있는지를 비교하였다. 뇌활성은 전체 불면증군(주관적- 객관적 수면시간의 차이 여부에 상관없이)과 건강대조군두 군간에도 비교되었다. 결 과：주관적-객관적 수면시간 차이가 없는 불면증 군에 비해 차이가 있는 불면증 군에서 일반적 불안-유발 자극대비 불면-관련 자극에 대해 우측 설전부와 보조운동영역에서 유의하게 증가된 blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) 신호를 보였다. 또한, 같은 자극에 대해 통합 불면증군이 대조군 보다 좌측 앞 대상회 영역에서 유의하게 증가된 BOLD 신호를 보였다. 결 론：본 연구의 결과는 주관적-객관적 수면시간 차이를 가지는 불면증이 주관적-객관적 수면시간 차이가 없는불면증에 비해 일반적 불안-유발 자극보다 불면-관련 자극에 대해 더 선택적인 집중과 불안을 가지고 증가된 뇌활성을 보인다는 결과로 수면상태 오지각이 증가된 불면증 자극에 선택적인 불안을 보임을 시사한다.
Abstract
Objectives: Subjective-objective discrepancy of sleep (SODS) is a common symptom and one of the major phenotypes of insomnia. A distorted perception of sleep deficit might be related to abnormal brain reactivity to insomnia-related stimuli. We aimed to investigate differences in brain activation to insomnia-related stimuli vs. general anxiety-inducing stimuli among insomnia patients with SODS, insomnia patients without SODS, and healthy controls (HCs). Methods: All participants were evaluated for subjective sleep status using a sleep diary and questionnaires; occult sleep disorders and objective sleep status were assessed using polysomnography and actigraphy. Task functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed during insomnia-related stimuli (Ins) and general anxiety-inducing stimuli (Gen). Brain reactivity to Ins versus Gen was compared among insomnia with SODS, insomnia without SODS, and HC groups, and a combined insomnia disorder group (ID, insomnia with and without SODS) was also compared with HCs. Results: In the insomnia with SODS group compared to the insomnia without SODS group, the right precuneus and right supplementary motor areas showed significantly increased BOLD signals in response to Ins versus Gen. In the ID group compared to the HC group, the left anterior cingulate cortex showed significantly increased BOLD signals in response to Ins versus Gen. Conclusion: The insomnia with SODS and ID groups showed higher brain activity in response to Ins versus Gen, while this was not observed in the insomnia without SODS and HC groups, respectively. These results suggest that insomnia patients with sleep misperception are more sensitive to sleep-related threats than general anxiety-inducing threats.
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