평가 도구의 유형이 초등학생들의 자기장 개념 형성에 미치는 영향
Effects of Types of Assessment Tools on Elementary School Students' Concept Formation on Magnetic Field
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이 연구는 평가 도구의 유형이 학습자의 과학 개념 획득에 미치는 영향을 알아보는데 그 목적이 있다. 평가 도구 유형은 크게 선택형과 서답형으로나누고 다시 선택형은 선다형(MCT), 옳은 개념 진위형(CCT), 옳지 않은 개념 진위형(ICT)로 서답형은 서술형(DAT), 단답형(SAT)의 5가지 유형으로세분화하였다. 연구대상은 초등학교 6학년 학생으로 172명을 평가 유형별로 다섯 개의 집단과 평가를 실시하지 않은 하나의 비교 집단으로 나누어학생들의 개념을 조사하였다. 또 국가수준 성취도 평가를 기초로 과학 성취 수준을 3단계로 나누어 분석하였다. 연구과정은 크게 세 단계로 사전검사,평가처치, 사후검사로 이루어졌다. 연구결과에서는 미평가 집단은 평가 후 과학적 개념의 변화가 없었지만 평가를 실시한 집단은 과학적 개념과 비과학적 개념 모두 영향을 받았다. 그리고선택형은 과학적 개념만 향상되었고, 서답형은 과학적 개념과 비과학적 개념에 모두 영향을 받았다. 과학적 개념은 MCT, DAT, CCT, ICT, SAT 순으로향상되었으며, 비과학적 개념은 DAT와 SAT에서만 유의미한 영향을 받은 것으로 나타났다. 학업성취수준이 ‘상’인 학생들은 과학적 개념과 비과학적개념에, ‘중’은 과학적 개념만 상승하였다. 성취수준이 낮은 ‘하’그룹은 평가를 통한 개념획득에 유의미한 변화가 없었다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to find out how types of assessment tools affect students' acquiring of science concepts. The study was conducted on 172 6th graders. The tool consists of two main types: choice and supply, the first type being subdivided into multiple choice(MCT), correct concept(CCT),and incorrect concept(ICT), and the second into short answer(SAT) and describing answer(DAT), thereby into five types overall. Analyses were made on five student groups according to the assessment types, and on the group which did not take the assessment. Surveying the students has three phases, namely pre-test, assessment, and post-test, conducted over a period of two weeks. Main findings of the study are: (1)the group that had gone through the assessment performed better with respect to learning science concepts, (2) multiple choice type was found to be effective in remedying misconceptions, while both of choice and supply types worked,and (3) it is necessary to take into account students'achievement levels when setting up teaching and learning strategies through assessments.
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