대학생의 직업선택 동기가 창업에 대한 자아효능감과 창업의지에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구
The Study on the College Students’ Career Reasons Affecting on Self-efficacy and Entrepreneurial Intention
1
조회
0
다운로드
30
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
창조경제시대의 실현을 위해 정부가 벤처창업 생태계 조성에 힘쓰고 있는 가운데 교육부는 국내 대학 내 창업교육의 확산을 위해 많은 노력과 지원을 아끼지 않고 있다. 창업교육은 개인에게 창업의 동기를 부여하고 시장의 혁신을 만들어 국가경제의 효율성 증대를 통한 성장으로 이어지기 때문에 창조경제의 실현을 위한 창업교육의 중요성도 날로 더해지고 있다. 이러한 중요성을 바탕으로 창업교육은 전국의 대학에 급속도로 확산되고 있다. 하지만, 확산되고 있는 창업교육에 비해 대학생들의 창업의지는 아직 크게 향상되지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 동일한 교육을 받은 학생이라 할지라도 학생들이 가지고 있는 환경이나 동기와 같은 특성에 따라 교육의 효과가 달라지기 때문에 이러한 요인들의 연구를 통해 좀 더 체계적인 창업교육의 방향을 도출할 필요가 있다. 대학 내 창업교육의 확산 분위기와 더불어 창업교육에 대한 국내의 연구도 점점 많아지고 있으며 특히 창업교육의 효과를 높이기 위해 어떻게 학생들의 창업의지를 높일 수 있을지에 대한 연구들이 많이 이루어지고 있다. 하지만 기존의 연구들은 학생들의 창업교육에 대한 만족이나 개인적인 환경이 어떻게 창업의지와 관계가 있는지에 대한 연구가 주를 이루었다. 본 연구에서는 직업의 한 부분으로써 창업을 이해하고 학생들의 직업선택 동기와 창업의지와의 관계를 살펴보았다. 본 연구를 위해 2012년 서울 및 경기지역에 창업교과목을 운영하고 있는 7개 대학의 학생들을 표본으로 선정하여 설문을 실시하였고 총 918부의 설문지를 회수하여 858부의 설문지를 분석하였다. 분석결과 학생들이 가지고 있는 직업선택의 동기의 요인에 따라 창업에 대한 자아효능감과 창업의지의 변수에 영향을 주는 관계가 규명되었다. 학생들의 자아실현과 혁신성 그리고 롤모델 추구의 직업선택의 동기 요인들은 창업에 대한 자아효능감에 긍정적인 영향을 주어 창업의지가 높아지는 결과가 나타났으며, 일반적인 관념과는 다르게 재무성취와 독립성을 추구하는 학생들은 창업의지와 유의한 상관관계를 보이지 않는 결과가 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 현재 대학 내 확산되고 있는 창업교육을 통해 창업의지를 향상시킬 수 있는 의미 있는 시사점을 도출하였고 이러한 연구결과는 정부가 추진하고 있는 창조경제 실현의 한 부분에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.
Abstract
The government strives to create venture ecosystem for realizing creative economy, at the same time, the Mistry of Education is spending huge resources and efforts to spread entrepreneurship education to universities in Korea. Since entrepreneurship education gives motivation to individuals and creates market innovation and these connect to the growth of national economy through increased efficiency, entrepreneurship education is becoming increasingly more important for realizing creative economy. Based on the importance, entrepreneurship education in the universities is now spreading rapidly. However, college students’ entrepreneurial intention has still not been improved comparing to spreading entrepreneurship education. To overcome the poor improvement, entrepreneurship education needs to be driven more systematic direction through the study on the effect of students’ motivation and environment. In this study, entrepreneurship as a part of careers perspectives, is analyzed on students’ career reasons with entrepreneurial intention. For this study, 918 surveys was collected from 7 universities having entrepreneurship courses in Seoul and Gyeonggi regions in 2012 and analyzed 858 surveys in order to prove the hypothesis. The results disclosed the relationship between students’ career reasons and entrepreneurial self-efficacy and intention. Motivation factors of self-realization, innovation and role model have positive effect on entrepreneurial self-efficacy following by increased entrepreneurial intention, unlike the common notion financial success and independence factors are not significant with entrepreneurial intention of students. Based on these results having meaningful implication to Korea entrepreneurship education, this study is expected to have contribution to the successful promoting the creative economy realization of our government.
참고문헌 (65)
- Ajzen, I., "The theory of planned behavior", Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, pp.179~211 (1991)
- Ajzen, I., "Models of human social behaviour and their application to health psychology", Psychology and Health, 13, pp.735~739 (1998)
- Ajzen, I., "Perceived Behavioral Control, Self‐Efficacy, Locus of Control, and the Theory of Planned Behavior", Journal of applied social psychology, 32(4), pp.665~683 (2002)
- Ajzen, I., "Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior" (1980), Prentice-Hall
- Bandura, A., "Social Learning Theory" (1977), Prentice-Hall
- Bandura, A., "Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency", American psychologist, 37(2), pp.122~ (1982)
- Bandura, A., "Social foundations of thought and action : A social cognitive theory, Englewood Cliffs" (1986), Pearson Prentice Hall Press
- Bandura, A., "Social cognitive theory of self-regulation", Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 50(2), pp.248~287 (1991)
- Birley, S., "A taxonomy of business start-up reasons and their impact on firm growth and size", Journal of Business Venturing, 9(1), pp.7~31 (1994)
- Boyd, N. G., "The influence of self-efficacy on the development of entrepreneurial intentions and actions", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 18, pp.63~63 (1994)
- Brush, C. G., "Factors Motivating Small Companies to Internationalize : The Effect of Firm Age", 박사, pp.1992
- Carter, N. M., "Entrepreneurial Processes and Outcomes: The Influence of Gender, The Entrepreneurial Process" (1997), Quorum Books
- Carter, N. M., "The career reasons of nascent entrepreneurs", Journal of Business Venturing, 18(1), pp.13~39 (2003)
- Chrisman, J. J., "Faculty entrepreneurship and economic development : The case of the University of Calgary", Journal of business venturing, 10(4), pp.267~281 (1995)
- Chen, C. C., "Does entrepreneurial self-efficacy distinguish entrepreneurs from managers?", Journal of Business venturing, 13(4), pp.295~316 (1998)
- 최동선, "대학생의 진로탐색행동과 동기 요인 및 애착의 관계 분석", 직업교육연구, 22(1), pp.115~143 (2003), 한국직업교육학회
- 최종인, "창업교육을 위한 프로그램 개발과제", 벤처창업연구, 7(1), pp.125~134 (2012), 한국벤처창업학회
- Conner, M., "Conscientiousness and the theory of planned behavior : Toward a more complete model of the antecedents of intentions and behavior", Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(11), pp.1547~1561 (2001)
- Cox, L. W., "The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial self-efficacy", International Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 1(2), pp.229~245 (2002)
- DeWitz, S. J., "Self-efficacy and college student satisfaction", Journal of Career Assessment, 10(3), pp.315~326 (2002)
- Edelman, L. F., "Start‐up Motivations and Growth Intentions of Minority Nascent Entrepreneurs", Journal of Small Business Management, 48(2), pp.174~196 (2010)
- Fishbein, M., "Belief attitude, intention, and behavior : An introduction to theory and research" (1975), Addison-Wesley
- Fischer, E. M., "A theoretical overview and extension of research on sex, gender, and entrepreneurship", Journal of Business Venturing, 8(2), pp.151~168 (1993)
- Fretschner, M., "Measuring and Understanding the Effects of Entrepreneurial Awareness Education", Journal of Small Business Management, 51(3), pp.410~428 (2013)
- Gartner, W. B., ""Who is an Entrepreneur?"Is the Wrong Question", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 13(14), pp.47~68 (1989)
- Gartner, W. B., "What are we talking about when we talk about entrepreneurship?", Journal of Business venturing, 5(1), pp.15~28 (1990)
- Gist, M. E., "Self-efficacy : A theoretical analysis of its determinants and malleability", Academy of Management review, 17(2), pp.183~211 (1992)
- 한길석, "창업교육 체계화 방안에 대한 연구", 경영교육연구, 47(47), pp.379~405 (2007), 한국경영교육학회
- 정두식, "대학생의 창업교육 선호도와 창업의지에 관한 실증적 연구", 경영교육연구, 27(6), pp.373~394 (2012), 한국경영교육학회
- Katz, J. A., "A psychological cognitive model of employment status choice", Entrepreneurship Theory Practice, 17(1), pp.29~37 (1992)
- Katz, J. A., "The chronology and intellectual trajectory of American entrepreneurship education : 1876–1999", Journal of business venturing, 18(2), pp.283~300 (2003)
- Katz, J. A., "Properties of emerging organizations", Academy of management review, 13(3), pp.429~441 (1988)
- Kickul, J., "Intuition Versus Analysis? Testing Differential Models of Cognitive Style on Entrepreneurial Self‐Efficacy and the New Venture Creation Process", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(2), pp.439~453 (2009)
- 조우정, "스포츠이벤트 관광객들의 참여 동기와 선택 속성이 소비자 만족 및 재구매 행동에 미치는 영향", 한국체육과학회지, 15(2), pp.49~60 (2006), 한국체육과학회
- 김영미, "항공사 승무원의 직업선택동기 성취정도가 전반적인 직무만족 및 이직의도에 미치는 영향", 호텔경영학연구, 18(4), pp.177~199 (2009), 한국호텔외식경영학회
- Kolvereid, L., "Organizational employment versus self-employment : reasons for career choice intentions", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 20(3), pp.23~32 (1996)
- Krueger, Jr, N. F., "How Believing in Ourselves Increases Risk Taking : Perceived Self‐ Efficacy and Opportunity Recognition", Decision Sciences, 25(3), pp.385~400 (1994)
- Kuratko, D. F., "Coleman white paper : entrepreneurship education emerging trends and challenges for the 21st century", Proceedings of the 17th United States Association of Small Business and Entrepreneurship Conference (2003)
- Lent, R. W., "Toward a unifying social cognitive theory of career and academic interest, choice, and performance", Journal of vocational behavior, 45(1), pp.79~122 (1994)
- Entrepreneurship(Paper No. 9109), NBER Working Paper 9109, "Leazar, E. P.", NBER, ~, pp.Paper No. 9109 (2002)
- Liñán, F., "Intention-based models of entrepreneurship education", Piccolla Impresa, 2004, pp.3(1), 11~35
- Lee, H. S., "The study of budget participation impacting on motivation and job satisfaction", Korean Industrial Economic Journal, 12(4), pp.325~346 (1999)
- 이현숙, "청소년의 개인특성이 창업의도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 : 주관적 규범의 조절효과를 중심으로", 기업가정신과 벤처연구, 15(2), pp.65~84 (2012), 한국중소기업학회
- 이우진, "대학의 창업교육 품질이 교육만족도와 창업의지에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구", 경영교육연구, 28(3), pp.105~131 (2013), 한국경영교육학회
- 이우진, "해외 대학의 창업교육 현황과 특징에 관한 연구 : 미국 5개 대학 사례를 중심으로", 벤처창업연구, 8(1), pp.99~110 (2013), 한국벤처창업학회
- Owens, R. G., "Organizational behavior in education" (1995), Allyn and Bacon
- Ronstadt, R., "Ex-entrepreneurs and the decision to start an entrepreneurial career, Frontiers of entrepreneurship research", pp.437~460 (1984), Babson College
- Ronstadt, R., "The educated entrepreneurs: A new era of entrepreneurial education is beginning, In Entrepreneurship education: Current developments, future directions", pp.69~88 (1990), Praeger
- Ryan, R. M., "Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being", American psychologist, 55(1), pp.68~ (2000)
- Sánchez, J. C., "The Impact of an Entrepreneurship Education Program on Entrepreneurial Competencies and Intention", Journal of Small Business Management, 51(3), pp.447~465 (2013)
- Scheinberg, S., "An 11 country study of motivations to start a business, Frontiers of entrepreneurship research" (1988), Babson College
- Scherer, R. F., "Role model performance effects on development of entrepreneurial career preference", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 13(3), pp.53~71 (1989)
- Do international and domestic entrepreneurs differ at start-up?, "Shane, S. A.", Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, Snider Entrepreneurial Center, ~ (1991)
- Shane, S., "Entrepreneurial motivation", Human resource management review, 13(2), pp.257~279 (2003)
- Shane, S., "The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research", Academy of management review, 25(1), pp.217~226 (2000)
- Shapero, A., "The social dimensions of entrepreneurship", Encyclopedia of entrepreneurship, pp.72~90 (1982)
- Shaver, K. G., "Person, Process, Choice : The Psychology of New Venture Creation", Entrepreneurship Theory Practice, 16(2), pp.23~45 (1991)
- Siu, W. S., "Cultural contingency in the cognitive model of entrepreneurial intention", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 37(2), pp.147~173 (2011)
- Solomon, G. T., "The state of entrepreneurship education in the United States : a nationwide survey and analysis", International Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 1(1), pp.65~86 (2002)
- AMOS Statistical Methodology, "SPSS", pp.2009, Song, J. J.
- Thompson, E. R., "Individual entrepreneurial intent : Construct clarification and development of an internationally reliable metric", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(3), pp.669~694 (2009)
- Wood, R., "Impact of conceptions of ability on self-regulatory mechanisms and complex decision making", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, pp.407~415 (1989)
- You, H. S., "The Motive of Student Who Go on to the University and Vocational Motives : Based on Tourism-related University Students", Tourism Research, 19, pp.81~95 (2004)
- Yu, Y. H., "An Empirical Study on Factors Affecting Entrepreneurial Intention : Focused on Career Orientation, Social & Cultural Perception, and Intentions to Participate in Entrepreneurial Support Programs", 박사, pp.2009
- Zhao, H., "The mediating role of self-efficacy in the development of entrepreneurial intentions", Journal of applied psychology, 90(6), pp.1265~ (2005)
