대학생의 조절초점성향이 기업가정신 및 창업의도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구
A Study on the Regulatory Focus, Entrepreneurial Orientation, and Entrepreneurial Intentions of College Students in Korea
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초록
국내외적으로 청년인구의 높은 실업률은 매우 심각한 사회적 문제가 되고 있다. 창업은 고용창출 효과가 매우 크고 신기술과 신사업 발굴과 아울러 창의적 혁신인재를 육성할 수 있는 일석이조의 효과를 지니고 있다. 따라서 대학생의 창업을 진작시킬 수 있는 방안을 밝히기 위한 연구는 아무리 강조해도 지나치지 않을 것이다. 최근 심리학 및 마케팅에서 연구가 진행되기 시작한 조절초점이론은 아직 기업가정신 및 창업연구에 적용된 적이 없는 개념이다. 본 연구에서는 창업에 관심이 있는 대학생들을 대상으로 개인의 조절초점성향과 기업가정신 및 창업의도 간의 관계를 실증연구를 통해 살펴보았다. 본 연구를 통해 확인한 내용은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 이익에 민감하고 위험추구와 새로운 것을 좋아하는 촉진초점성향을 보이는 사람들은 기업가정신 추구와 창업의도를 보일 것이라고 가설을 설정했고 실증연구를 통해 이를 확인했다. 둘째, 손실에 대해 민감한 방어초점성향을 보이는 사람들과 기업가정신 및 창업의도 간에 부(-)에 관계가 있을 것이라고 가설을 세웠지만 가설이 모두 기각되었다. 즉, 손실에 민감한 방어초점성향을 지닌 사람들이 일반인에 비해 기업가정신과 창업의도에 있어 더욱 부정적인 것은 아니라는 것으로 해석될 수 있을 것이다. 셋째, 무수한 선행연구들과 마찬가지로 기업가정신은 창업의도에 유의한 영향을 미친다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.
Abstract
Recently, in OECD countries, youth unemployment has become one of the most serious problems in society. Entrepreneurship creates innovative new companies that create more jobs than big traditional companies. In addition, entrepreneurship develops creative human resources leading to fertile ground for new technology and business innovation. Recently, regulatory theory has drawn a lot of attention and interest in the literature of psychology and marketing management. However, the theory has not been applied to the study of entrepreneurship. In this article, we try to examine the relationship among regulatory focus, entrepreneurial orientation, and entrepreneurial intentions of korean college students who show their interests in entrepreneurship. From our empirical study, we find the followings. First, promotion focus thriving on optimism, taking risks, and trying new actively affect positively on entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial intention. Second, prevention focus concentrating on security, fulfilling responsibilities and maintaining efficiency does not always affect negatively on entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial intention. In other words, prevention-focused students do not always have bad impression on entrepreneurship and may consider entrepreneurship as viable career path similar to average college students. Third, our empirical findings are consistent with previous studies that entrepreneurial intention is positively affected by entrepreneurial orientation.
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