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창업교육이 기회인식 및 평가에 미치는 영향: 소상공인을 중심으로

The Effect of Entrepreneurship Education on Opportunity Recognition and Evaluation: A Focus on Small Business Entrepreneurs

박재환|최민정
한국벤처창업학회 (The Korean Society of Business Venturing)|2017.06|벤처창업연구 (Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship)|제12권 제3호|pp. 135-146|DOI 10.16972/apjbve.12.3.201706.135

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조절초점향상초점예방초점Regulatory FocusSmall Business창업교육창업효능감Entrepreneurship EducationPromotion FocusPrevention Focus기회인식Entrepreneurial Self-efficacyOpportunity Recognition기회평가 소상공인Opportunity Evaluation

초록

가치 있는 기회를 기반으로 한 창업은 국가 경제의 장기적인 성장에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다. 본 연구는 서민경제의 근간을 이루는 소상공인들의 기회형 창업에 대한 정부의 교육적 지원의 개선점과 방향성을 제언하기 위해 현재 소상공인들에게 제공되는 창업교육을 기회형 창업의 관점에서 검증하였다. 본 연구를 위해 정부의 소상공인 창업교육을 수료한 전국의 소상공인들을 대상으로 온라인 설문을 실시하고, 345명의 온라인 설문 데이터를 실증분석에 사용하였다. 연구결과 소상공인들을 위한 창업교육과 지원제도는 창업효능감에 모두 양(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며 창업효능감은 기회인식과 기회평가 역량은 물론 향상초점과 예방초점에도 양(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이론과 실습교육이 포함된 소상공인 창업교육은 향상초점과 예방초점에 모두 양(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 소상공인들의 향상초점은 기회인식에는 양(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났지만 기회평가에는 유의한 영향이 없는 것으로 나타났으며 소상공인들의 예방초점은 기회인식과 기회평가에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과에 의하면 현 소상공인 창업교육은 소상공인들의 기회인식과 기회평가 역량에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타나 소상공인들의 기회형 창업율을 높이기 위해 현 창업교육에 개선이 필요함을 시사한다.

Abstract

Entrepreneurship based on valuable opportunities has a positive effect on long-term economic growth. This study examines the entrepreneurship education offered to small business entrepreneurs from the perspective of opportunity-driven entrepreneurship in order to suggest improvements and future direction for small business entrepreneurship education. Also, we tried to investigate entrepreneurial behaviors related to opportunity development more effectively by considering entrepreneurial self-efficacy and regulatory focus that play a crucial role in opportunity development process as mediating variables. Conducted was an online survey of small business owners nationwide who have completed entrepreneurship education provided by the government, and 345 online survey data were used for empirical analysis. The results show that entrepreneurship education for small business entrepreneurs positively influences entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Entrepreneurial self-efficacy is positively related to both opportunity recognition and evaluation as well as the promotion and prevention focus. Entrepreneurship education, which includes theoretically and practically oriented courses, has a positive impact on both the promotion and prevention focus. The promotion focus of small business entrepreneurs was found to have a positive effect on opportunity recognition, but not on opportunity evaluation. Also, the preventive focus of small business entrepreneurs does not have a significant effect on both opportunity recognition and evaluation. The current entrepreneurship education for small business entrepreneurs does not have a significant impact on their opportunity recognition and evaluation. These results suggest that the current entrepreneurship education for small business entrepreneurs needs improvements to promote opportunity-driven entrepreneurship.

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