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예비창업자의 창업효능감과 기업가정신의 관계: 창업교육 및 진로불확실성의 조절효과를 중심으로

The Effects of Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy on Entrepreneurship of University Students: Moderating Effects of Entrepreneurial Education and Career Uncertainty

김주섭|박재춘
한국벤처창업학회 (The Korean Society of Business Venturing)|2019.06|벤처창업연구 (Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship)|제14권 제3호|pp. 27-38|DOI 10.16972/apjbve.14.3.201906.27

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참고문헌

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기업가정신Entrepreneurship창업교육창업효능감Entrepreneurship EducationEntrepreneurial Self-efficacy진로불확실성Career Uncertainty

초록

근 국내 대학에서는 예비창업자인 대학생들의 창업효능감과 기업가정신의 고취를 통해서 창업으로의 진로경로가 강조되고 있다. 이를 위해 예비창업자들의 창업효능감과 기업가정신의 관계를 규명하였으며, 창업교육과 진로불확실성의 조절효과를 검증하였다. 충남 천안에 위치한 4년제 대학의 대학생 236명을 대상으로 한 실증분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 예비창업자들의 높은 창업효능감은 기업가정신에 긍정적인 영향을 주었다. 둘째, 예비창업자의 창업효능감과 기업가정신의 관계에서 창업교육의 상호작용 효과가 실증되었다. 창업교육을 수강한 집단은 그렇지 않은 집단에 비해 창업효능감이 낮은 수준에서 중간 수준이 될 때까지 기업가정신이 높게 나타났다. 그러나 창업효능감이 높아질수록 창업교육을 수강하지 않은 집단에서 기업가정신이 오히려 높게 나타났다. 마지막으로, 예비창업자의 창업효능감과 기업가정신의 관계에서 진로불확실성의 상호작용 효과가 실증되었다. 진로불확실성을 낮게 지각하는 집단이 그렇지 않은 집단에 비해, 창업효능감이 낮은 수준에서 일정 수준이 될 때까지 기업가정신이 높게 나타났다. 그러나 창업효능감이 높아질수록, 진로불확실성을 높게 지각하는 집단에서 오히려 기업가정신이 더욱 높게 나타났다. 예비창업자들의 기업가정신을 향상시키기 위해서는 먼저, 대학생들의 창업효능감을 제고하여 예비창업자들의 행동통제력을 강화할 필요가 있다. 또한 예비창업자들의 기업가정신의 고취는 대학생들의 창업효능감을 향상시키는 노력과 동시에 체계적이고 효과적인 창업교육의 보완이 병행되어야 한다. 특히, 대학생들의 창업진로에 대한 불확실성을 해소하여 창업진로결정에 대한 안정성을 제공해야 하겠다.

Abstract

Recently, domestic universities have emphasized career path to start-up through entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) and entrepreneurship. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of ESE on entrepreneurship of university students. Also we examine the moderating effects of entrepreneurial education and career uncertainty between ESE and entrepreneurship. Research sample consisted of 236 university students in Cheonan city. The results of this research is as follows: First, ESE showed a positive effects on entrepreneurship. Second, the moderating effect of entrepreneurial education was significant on the relationship between ESE and entrepreneurship. In other words, university students with a higher entrepreneurial education showed higher entrepreneurship when ESE was lower. But students with a lower entrepreneurial education showed higher entrepreneurship when ESE was higher. Finally, the interaction effects of career uncertainty was confirmed in relationship between ESE and entrepreneurship. In other words, university students with a higher career uncertainty showed higher entrepreneurship when ESE was higher. But students with a lower career uncertainty showed higher entrepreneurship when ESE was lower. In order to improve the entrepreneurship of the pre-founders, it is necessary to strengthen the behavior control of university students by enhancing the ESE. Also, the improvement of entrepreneurship of pre-founders should strengthen the ESE of university students, and should complement systematic and effective entrepreneurship education. In particular, we should provide the stability for career decision by eliminating uncertainty about the career path of university students.

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