생성AI와 창업: 외생적 촉진자로서의 생성AI 역할 분석
The Impact of Generative AI on Startup Creation and Operation: A Study of Korean Venture Ecosystem
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초록
생성AI 효과는 스타트업 창업과 운영에 어떤 방식으로 얼마나 영향을 미칠 것인가. 본 연구는 ChatGPT로 대표되는 생성AI 기술이 한국의 벤처 창업과 운영, 벤처 투자에 미친 영향을 알아보는 것을 목표로 한다. 본 연구에서는 새로운 시장 기회 및 기존 문제를 해결하는 기회를 창출하는 외생적 촉진자(External Enabler) 프레임워크에 생성AI의 속성을 적용한 조작적 정의로 질문을 구성하고, 이를 토대로 한국의 AI 스타트업 창업자 및 벤처 투자자 9명을 대상으로 면담조사를 실시했다. 본 연구의 응답자들은, 생성AI 기술은 창업 기회 창출에 실질적으로 기여하며, 특히 기업가가 단시간에 적은 비용으로 제품을 개발·출시하도록 돕고, 이해관계자의 기술 수용성을 높여 수요를 확장시키는 다양한 메커니즘을 촉진한다고 대답하였다. 생성AI는 기업가적 행동 뿐만 아니라 비즈니스 운영 전반에 걸쳐 지속적이고 상호적인 영향을 미치며, 그 메커니즘과 역할이 동시 다발적으로 발생한다는 점에서 기존 프레임워크에 더해질 부분이 있음을 시사한다. 또한 창업자들은 관련 분야 전문성, 업무 경험 등이 생성AI 기술의 가능성을 예측하고 인식하는데 영향을 주었다고 답했다. 이를 통해 기업가적 기회 연구에 있어 기업가의 정보 문해력(Information Literacy) 또한 주요 요소로 연구되어야 할 가능성을 확인할 수 있다. 본 연구는 한국의 AI 창업자들과 벤처 투자자들을 대상으로 생성AI의 메커니즘, 역할, 맥락을 다각도로 분석하고, 벤처 창업 및 투자 생태계에 미치는 효과를 확인하여 제시했다는 의의가 있다. 학술적으로는, 생성AI 기술을 중심으로 외생적 촉진자 프레임워크의 분석 유효성을 확인한 점과 일부 보완 필요성을 제시하였다는 의의가 있다.
Abstract
This study explores how generative AI technology, represented by ChatGPT, influences the processes of venture creation, operation, and investment in South Korea. The research employs the External Enabler framework, which highlights the creation of new market opportunities and the resolution of existing challenges, to develop operational definitions of the characteristics of generative AI. Using these definitions, in-depth interviews were conducted with nine Korean AI startup founders and venture investors. Respondents indicated that generative AI technology significantly contributes to entrepreneurial opportunities, enabling rapid, cost-effective product development and launch while driving market demand through increased technology acceptance among stakeholders. The study suggests that generative AI's impact extends beyond entrepreneurial behavior, shaping overall business operations through continuous and interactive processes that occur simultaneously, which suggests potential expansions to the existing framework. Additionally, the founders emphasized that their domain expertise and professional experience were pivotal in recognizing and anticipating the potential of generative AI. This underscores the importance of entrepreneurs' information literacy as a critical factor in identifying and pursuing new opportunities. By offering a comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms, roles, and contexts of generative AI, this research contributes valuable insights into its impact on the venture ecosystem, as perceived by Korean AI entrepreneurs and investors. Academically, it validates the External Enabler framework's analytical utility in the context of generative AI while identifying potential areas for improvement.
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