Folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine status in the Korean population: data from the 2013–2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
2
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
OBJECTIVES: We aimed to assess the serum folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine status in Korean adolescents and adults using national data. METHODS: Blood samples were collected from participants aged ≥ 10 years in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2015. The stored serum samples were used to measure folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine concentrations. A total of 8,016 participants were included in this analysis. Unweighted descriptive statistics and adjusted geometric means of the B vitamins and homocysteine concentrations were estimated. RESULTS: Females had higher serum folate and vitamin B12 concentrations and lower serum homocysteine concentrations than males. Folate deficiency (< 6.8 nmol/L) and hyperhomocysteinemia (> 15 μmol/L) were found in 8.6% and 11.8% of males, respectively. Approximately 3% of males had low or marginally low vitamin B12 status (≤ 221 pmol/L). Folate and vitamin B12 deficiencies and hyperhomocysteinemia were found in < 2% of females. Suboptimal folate status was prevalent among adolescents and young adults, while suboptimal vitamin B12 status and hyperhomocysteinemia were relatively higher in older adults. Adjusted mean homocysteine concentrations were sharply decreased from the first to second decile of serum folate in males. CONCLUSIONS: In the Korean population, the proportion of males who achieved desirable folate and homocysteine concentrations were lower than those of females. Although most Koreans have adequate vitamin B12, a suboptimal folate status is common, particularly among adolescents and young adults. These findings could establish a foundation for public health initiatives aimed at improving folate levels in the Korean population.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: We aimed to assess the serum folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine status in Korean adolescents and adults using national data. METHODS: Blood samples were collected from participants aged ≥ 10 years in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2015. The stored serum samples were used to measure folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine concentrations. A total of 8,016 participants were included in this analysis. Unweighted descriptive statistics and adjusted geometric means of the B vitamins and homocysteine concentrations were estimated. RESULTS: Females had higher serum folate and vitamin B12 concentrations and lower serum homocysteine concentrations than males. Folate deficiency (< 6.8 nmol/L) and hyperhomocysteinemia (> 15 μmol/L) were found in 8.6% and 11.8% of males, respectively. Approximately 3% of males had low or marginally low vitamin B12 status (≤ 221 pmol/L). Folate and vitamin B12 deficiencies and hyperhomocysteinemia were found in < 2% of females. Suboptimal folate status was prevalent among adolescents and young adults, while suboptimal vitamin B12 status and hyperhomocysteinemia were relatively higher in older adults. Adjusted mean homocysteine concentrations were sharply decreased from the first to second decile of serum folate in males. CONCLUSIONS: In the Korean population, the proportion of males who achieved desirable folate and homocysteine concentrations were lower than those of females. Although most Koreans have adequate vitamin B12, a suboptimal folate status is common, particularly among adolescents and young adults. These findings could establish a foundation for public health initiatives aimed at improving folate levels in the Korean population.
참고문헌 (48)
- Mason JB, "Biomarkers of nutrient exposure and status in one-carbon(methyl)metabolism", J Nutr, 133(Suppl 3), pp.941S~947S (2003)[DOI]
- Scott JM, "Folic acid metabolism and mechanisms of neural tube defects", Ciba Found Symp, 181, pp.180~187 (1994)[DOI]
- Allen LH, "Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development(BOND) : vitamin B-12 review", J Nutr, 148(Suppl_4), pp.1995S~2027S (2018)[DOI]
- Bailey LB, "Biomarkers of nutrition for development-folate review", J Nutr, 145, pp.1636S~1680S (2015)[DOI]
- McLean E, "Review of the magnitude of folate and vitamin B12 deficiencies worldwide", Food Nutr Bull, 29(2 Suppl), pp.S38~S51 (2008)[DOI]
- McNulty H, "Addressing optimal folate and related B-vitamin status through the lifecycle : health impacts and challenges", Proc Nutr Soc, 78, pp.449~462 (2019)[DOI]
- Obeid R, "Vitamin B12 intake from animal foods, biomarkers, and health aspects", Front Nutr, 6, pp.93~ (2019)[DOI]
- Refsum H, "Homocysteine and cardiovascular disease", Annu Rev Med, 49, pp.31~62 (1998)[DOI]
- Allen LH, "Causes of vitamin B12 and folate deficiency", Food Nutr Bull, 29(2 Suppl), pp.S20~S34 (2008)[DOI]
- de Benoist B, "Conclusions of a WHO Technical Consultation on folate and vitamin B12 deficiencies", Food Nutr Bull, 29(2 Suppl), pp.S238~S244 (2008)[DOI]
- Korea health statistics 2018: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VII-3), "Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention", Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, ~ (2019)
- Soh Y, "Association between vitamin B12 levels and cognitive function in the elderly Korean population", Medicine(Baltimore), 99, pp.e21371~ (2020)[DOI]
- Lim HS, "Plasma total homocysteine, folate, and vitamin B12 status in Korean adults", J Nutr Sci Vitaminol(Tokyo), 48, pp.290~297 (2002)[DOI]
- Park H, "The risk of folate and vitamin B(12)deficiencies associated with hyperhomocysteinemia among pregnant women", Am J Perinatol, 21, pp.469~475 (2004)[DOI]
- Kim JM, "Changes in folate, vitamin B12 and homocysteine associated with incident dementia", J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 79, pp.864~868 (2008)[DOI]
- Kweon S, "Data resource profile : the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(KNHANES)", Int J Epidemiol, 43, pp.69~77 (2014)[DOI]
- Cho SY, "Opening of the national biobank of Korea as the infrastructure of future biomedical science in Korea", Osong Public Health Res Perspect, 3, pp.177~184 (2012)[DOI]
- Biochemical analysis data update on biospecimens from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, "Seoul Clinical Laboratories", Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 9~37 (2018)
- Biochemical analysis on biospecimens from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, "Seoul Clinical Laboratories", Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 23~55 (2019)
- Biochemical analysis on biospecimens from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(II), "Seoul Clinical Laboratories", Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 25~57 (2020)
- The sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VI), "Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention", Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 323~ (2015)
- "Serum and red blood cell folate concentrations for assessing folate status in populations" (2014)[URL]
- Selhub J, "The use of blood concentrations of vitamins and their respective functional indicators to define folate and vitamin B12 status", Food Nutr Bull, 29(2 Suppl), pp.S67~S73 (2008)[DOI]
- Ueland PM, "Total homocysteine in plasma or serum : methods and clinical applications", Clin Chem, 39, pp.1764~1779 (1993)[DOI]
- Inker LA, "New creatinine-and cystatin c-based equations to estimate GFR without race", N Engl J Med, 385, pp.1737~1749 (2021)[DOI]
- Blanco A, "Nutritional anemia in nursing women in Costa Rica", Arch Latinoam Nutr, 53, pp.28~34 (2003)
- "Food standards: amendment of standards of identity for enriched grain products to require addition of folic acid" (1996)[URL]
- "Canada gazette part II" (1998)[URL]
- "2022 Annual Report" (2023)[URL]
- Ray JG, "Declining rate of folate insufficiency among adults following increased folic acid food fortification in Canada", Can J Public Health, 93, pp.249~253 (2002)[DOI]
- Pfeiffer CM, "Biochemical indicators of B vitamin status in the US population after folic acid fortification : results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2000", Am J Clin Nutr, 82, pp.442~450 (2005)[DOI]
- Brito A, "Folate and vitamin B12 status in Latin America and the Caribbean : an update", Food Nutr Bull, 36(2 Suppl), pp.S109~S118 (2015)[DOI]
- Han YH, "Folate intake estimated with an updated database and its association to blood folate and homocysteine in Korean college students", Eur J Clin Nutr, 59, pp.246~254 (2005)[DOI]
- Kim YN, "Folate food source, usual intake, and folate status in Korean adults", Nutr Res Pract, 12, pp.47~51 (2018)[DOI]
- Kim HA, "Dietary folate intake, blood folate status, and urinary folate catabolite excretion in Korean women of childbearing age", J Nutr Sci Vitaminol(Tokyo), 54, pp.291~297 (2008)[DOI]
- Kwak CS, "Comparison of anthropometric data and clinical health indicators according to the serum vitamin B12 status in female older adults living in a rural area of Jeonla province, Korea*", J Nutr Health, 46, pp.239~249 (2013)
- Song S, "Associations of serum folate and homocysteine concentrations with all-cause, cardiovascular disease, and cancer mortality in men and women in Korea : the cardiovascular disease association study", J Nutr, 153, pp.760~770 (2023)[DOI]
- Pfeiffer CM, "Estimation of trends in serum and RBC folate in the U. S. population from pre-to postfortification using assay-adjusted data from the NHANES 1988-2010", J Nutr, 142, pp.886~893 (2012)[DOI]
- Fazili Z, "Demographic, physiologic, and lifestyle characteristics observed with serum total folate differ among folate forms : cross-sectional data from fasting samples in the NHANES 2011-2016", J Nutr, 150, pp.851~860 (2020)[DOI]
- National diet and nutrition survey: people aged 65 years and over. Volume 1: report of the diet and nutrition survey, "Finch S", Stationery Office, ~ (1998)
- Bailey RL, "Monitoring of vitamin B-12 nutritional status in the United States by using plasma methylmalonic acid and serum vitamin B-12", Am J Clin Nutr, 94, pp.552~561 (2011)[DOI]
- Yajnik CS, "Vitamin B12 deficiency and hyperhomocysteinemia in rural and urban Indians", J Assoc Physicians India, 54, pp.775~782 (2006)
- Kwak CS, "Vitamin B12 contents in some Korean fermented foods and edible seaweeds", Korean J Food Nutr, pp.439~447 (2008)
- Marques de Brito B, "Vitamin B12 sources in non-animal foods : a systematic review", Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 63, pp.7853~7867 (2023)[DOI]
- Kim YN, "One-half of Korean adults studied had marginal vitamin B12 status assessed by plasma vitamin B12", Nutr Res, 50, pp.37~43 (2018)[DOI]
- Schneede J, "Biological and environmental determinants of plasma homocysteine", Semin Thromb Hemost, 26, pp.263~279 (2000)[DOI]
- Fukagawa NK, "Sex-related differences in methionine metabolism and plasma homocysteine concentrations", Am J Clin Nutr, 72, pp.22~29 (2000)[DOI]
- Ganji V, "Trends in serum folate, RBC folate, and circulating total homocysteine concentrations in the United States : analysis of data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 1988-1994, 1999-2000, and 2001-2002", J Nutr, 136, pp.153~158 (2006)[DOI]