지역사회 거주 고령자의 사회활동 참여 유형과 유형별 고령자의 주관적 건강수준과 삶의 만족도 분석: 잠재계층분석을 중심으로
Analysis of the Types of Social Activity Participation of Older Adults Living in the Community and the Health Level and Quality of Life by Types: Applying Latent Class Analysis
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목적 : 고령자의 다양한 사회활동의 참여는 전반적 건강과 삶의 질 및 고립을 해결하는 매우 중요한 지표로 여겨진다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 지역사회 거주 고령자의 사회활동 참여 유형을 분석하고 유형에 따른 특성 및 건강수준과 삶의 질 차이를 확인하고자 한다. 연구방법 : 본 연구는 고령화연구패널(Korean Longitudinal study of Elderly Employment: KLoSA)의 9차(2022) 패널자료를 사용하였다. 사회활동 유형을 탐색하기 위해서 잠재계층분석을 활용하였으며, 잠재모형의 적합도를 판단하기 위해 χ² (Chi-square) 검증과 Akailke Information Criteria (AIC), Baysian Information Criteria (BIC), Sample-Size Adjusted Baysian Information Criteria(SABIC) 지수, Lo-Mendell-Rubin adjusted Likelihood Ratio Test (LMR-LRT)를 활용하였다. 유형별특성은 일원배치분산분석을 수행하였다. 결과 : 연구대상자는 지역사회에 거주하는 60세 이상의 고령자 총 6,057명이 선정되어 분석이 진행되었다. 연구결과 고령자의 사회활동은 참여하는 활동의 종류에 따라 총 4가지의 유형이 분석되었다. 각 유형별로 인구사회학적 특성이 나타났으며, 유형별 주관적 건강과 전반적 삶의 질 지수에 차이가 있음이 나타났다. 결론 : 고령자의 다양한 사회활동의 참여는 건강과 삶의 질을 높이는 중요한 지표로 사료되며, 추후 지역사회 고령자를 위한 서비스와 중재프로그램을 개발 시 다양한 사회활동에 참여 할 수 있는 방안을 마련하기 위한 기초근거로 본 연구가 활용되기를 기대한다.
Abstract
Objective : Participation in social activities is an important indicator of health, quality of life(QOL), and isolation. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the types of social activity participation of older adults and to identify their characteristics, health level, and QOL according to type. Methods : This study utilized the 9th wave (2022) panel data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Elderly Employment (KLoSA). Latent class analysis was used to explore the types of social activity participation. To assess the goodness of fit of the latent model, χ²(Chi-square) test, Akaike Information Criteria (AIC), Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC), Sample-Size Adjusted Bayesian Information Criteria (SABIC) indices, and Lo-Mendell-Rubin adjusted likelihood ratio test (LMR-LRT) were conducted. One-way ANOVA was conducted to examine older adults’ characteristics according to type/by type. Results : This study included 6,057 community-dwelling older adults. Social activities among older adults were categorized into four distinct types based on the activities engaged in. Each type exhibited distinct demographic characteristics, and differences were observed in subjective health and overall QOL indices according to/by type. Conclusion : Social activity participation is a crucial indicator indicator of improved health and QOL among community-dwelling older adults. This study serves as a basis for developing services and intervention programs for the older adult population.
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