조망 높이의 차이가 초래한 감각적 간섭이 시각단기기억 수행에 미치는 영향
The Influence of Sensory Interference Arising from View-Height Differences on Visual Short-Term Memory Performance
0
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
관찰자의 조망 높이의 감소는 시각장면 내의 사물들 간 중첩의 증가를 초래해 해당 사물들의 정체 파악을 어렵게 만들 가능성이 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 가능성에 기초해 조망 높이를 달리한 시야 상에 기억이 요구되는 자극들을 제시하고 해당 자극에 대한 시각단기기억 수행을 조사했다. 실험 1에서는 관찰자의 조망 높이(고, 중, 저) 차이를 반영한 격자무늬 배경과 기억 자극을 구성해 해당 자극들의 위치와 색상을 파지하는 단기기억 과제가 실시되었다. 기억 자극의 개수 증감(3 vs. 6)을 통해 기억부담의 수준을 달리해 가면서 기억 수행을 조사한 결과, 조망 높이가 가장 낮은 경우 기억부담의 증가에 따른 기억수행의 저하가 가장 분명한 것이 관찰되었다. 실험 2에서는 선형조망을 제공하는 격자무늬 배경의 유무에 따른 기억 수행을 관찰한 결과 실험 1과 동일하게 조망 높이가 가장 낮은 경우 수행이 역시 저하되는 것이 관찰되었다. 이러한 결과는 조망 높이의 차이가 시야 상의 사물들 간 중첩 단서량의 변화 를 초래하며 더 나아가 이러한 변화가 초래하는 감각적 간섭이 시각단기기억 수행에 영향을 줄 가능성을 시사한다.
Abstract
Lowering observers’ view-height may increase the amount of occlusion across objects in a visual scene and prevent the accurate identification of the objects in the scene. Based on this possibility, memory stimuli in relation to their expected views from different heights were displayed in this study. Thereafter, visual short-term memory (VSTM) performance for the stimuli was measured. In Experiment 1, the memory stimuli were presented on a grid-background drawn according to linear perspectives, which varied across observers’ three different view-heights (high, middle, and low). This allowed the participants to remember both the color and position of each memory stimulus. The results revealed that testing participants’ VSTM performance for the stimuli under a different memory load of two set-sizes (3 vs. 6) demonstrated an evident drop of performance in the lowest view-height condition. In Experiment 2, the performance for six stimuli with or without the grid-background was tested. A similar pattern of performance drop in the lowest condition as in Experiment 1 was found. These results indicated that different view-heights of an observer can change the amount of occlusion across objects in the visual field, and the sensory interference driven by the occlusion may further influence VSTM performance for those objects.
참고문헌 (25)
- Alvarez, G. A., "The capacity of visual short-term memory is set both by information load and by number of objects", Psychological Science, 15(2), pp.106~111 (2004)
- Brainard, D. H., "The psychophysics toolbox", Spatial Vision, 10, pp.433~436 (1997)
- Bridgeman, B., "Effect of eye height on estimated slopes of hills", Perception, 44(7), pp.755~763 (2015)
- Clearfield, M. W., "Learning by looking: Infants' social looking behavior across the transition from crawling to walking", Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 100, pp.297~307 (2008)
- Fernandez-Duque, D., "Change detection without awareness: Do explicit reports underestimate the representation of change in the visual system?", Visual Cognition, 7(1, pp.2 (2000), 3)[DOI]
- Flock, H., "Optical texture and linear perspective as stimuli for slant perception", Psychological Review, 72(6), pp.505~514 (1965)
- Gibson, J. J., "The ecological approach to visual perception" (1979), Houghton Mifflin
- Goldstein, E. B., "Pictorial perception and art" (2001), Blackwell
- Goldstein, E. B., "Sensation and Perception" (2017), Cengage Learning
- 한지은, "얼굴표정의 긍정적 정서에 의한 시각작업기억 향상 효과", 감성과학, 14(4), pp.605~616 (2011), 한국감성과학회
- Hyun, J. -S., "Visual working memory as the substrate for mental rotation", Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 14(1), pp.154~158 (2007)
- Julesz, B., "Foundation of cyclopean perception" (1971), University of Chicago Press
- Kaufman, L., "Perceptual distance and the constancy of size and steroscopic depth", Spatial Vision, 19(5), pp.439~457 (2006)
- Kretch, K. S., "Crawling and walking infants see the world differently", Child Development, 85(4), pp.1503~1518 (2014)
- Linke, A. C., "Encoding strategy accounts for individual differences in change detection measures of VSTM", Neuropsychologia, 49(6), pp.1476~1486 (2011)
- Luck, S. J., "The capacity of visual working memory for features and conjunctions", Nature, 390, pp.279~281 (1997)
- Mitroff, S. R., "Nothing compares 2 views: change blindness can occur despite preserved access to the changed information", Perception and Psychophysics, 66, pp.1268~1281 (2004)
- Mon-Williams, M., "Some recent studies on the extraretinal contribution to distance perception", Perception, 28, pp.167~181 (1999)
- Pashler, H., "Familiarity and visual change detection", Perception and Psychophysics, 44(4), pp.369~378 (1988)
- Rensink, R. A., "Change detection", Annual Review of Psychology, 53, pp.245~277 (2002)
- Simons, D. J., "Change blindness: Past, present, and future", Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9(1), pp.16~20 (2005)
- Smith, L. B., "Not your mother's view: the dynamics of toddler visual experience", Developmental Science, 14(1), pp.9~17 (2011)
- Twedt, E., "Memory for target height is scaled to observer height", Memory & Cognition, 40, pp.339~351 (2012)
- Vogel, E. K., "Storage of features, conjunctions and objects in visual working memory", Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 27(1), pp.92~114 (2001)
- Vogel, E. K., "The time course of consolidation in visual working memory", Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 32(6), pp.1436~1451 (2006)