The Causes of Fluctuating Anti-Americanism in South Korea
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This paper discusses the issue of anti-American sentiment in South Korea, whichis generally considered to be one of the most pro-American countries in the world. Nevertheless, anti-Americanism has experienced resurgence in South Korea since2002, followed by significant fluctuations in anti-American sentiment over thecourse of the past decade. This paper seeks to identify the causes of these recentfluctuations in anti-Americanism. In particular, it examines two sources of anti-Americanism in South Korea—namely, ideological and issue-oriented sources—to evaluate their relative weight in shaping South Korean perceptions of the UnitedStates. For the purposes of this paper, the ideological sources of anti-Americanismare considered to be derived from unfavorable perceptions of U.S. democracy andculture, whereas its issue-oriented sources are policy conflicts between SouthKorea and the United States. The analysis finds that ideological differences establisha minimum and stable level of anti-U.S. sentiment, but that political conflict generatesadditional levels of highly volatile anti-Americanism. In conclusion, the level ofanti-Americanism in South Korea is determined both by ideology and by conflictsover specific issues, and these issues are the main factor influencing fluctuationsin anti-American sentiment in South Korea.
Abstract
This paper discusses the issue of anti-American sentiment in South Korea, whichis generally considered to be one of the most pro-American countries in the world. Nevertheless, anti-Americanism has experienced resurgence in South Korea since2002, followed by significant fluctuations in anti-American sentiment over thecourse of the past decade. This paper seeks to identify the causes of these recentfluctuations in anti-Americanism. In particular, it examines two sources of anti-Americanism in South Korea—namely, ideological and issue-oriented sources—to evaluate their relative weight in shaping South Korean perceptions of the UnitedStates. For the purposes of this paper, the ideological sources of anti-Americanismare considered to be derived from unfavorable perceptions of U.S. democracy andculture, whereas its issue-oriented sources are policy conflicts between SouthKorea and the United States. The analysis finds that ideological differences establisha minimum and stable level of anti-U.S. sentiment, but that political conflict generatesadditional levels of highly volatile anti-Americanism. In conclusion, the level ofanti-Americanism in South Korea is determined both by ideology and by conflictsover specific issues, and these issues are the main factor influencing fluctuationsin anti-American sentiment in South Korea.
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