어려운 역사(difficult history)를 반영한 뉴질랜드/아오테아로아 역사교육과정 탐색
A New Zealand Curriculum That Reflects a Difficult History
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초록
여러 종족으로 구성된 뉴질랜드는 토착민인 마오리족과 유럽에서 이주해 온 정착민 사이의 경쟁과 갈등이 있었지만 결국 유럽 정착민이 주도하는 국가로 건설되었다. 이후 유럽 정착민은 권력 남용과 폭력을 자행하여 마오리족으로부터 각종 이득을 빼앗아 갔다. 그리고 마오리가 겪은 불의의 과거를 잊고 유럽 정착민과 마오리족의 조화로운 관계를 강조하는 국가정체성을 형성해나갔다. 그러나 최근 뉴질랜드는 마오리족이 역사적으로 당한 부당함을 인정하고 마오리의 문화와 전통을 이해하려는 분위기가 나타나 이러한 일련의 과정을 교육과정에 반영하였다. 이에 마오리 역사를 중심으로 역사교육과정이 구성되었고 2023년부터 필수과목으로 이를 가르치고자 하였다. 뉴질랜드의 새로운 역사교육과정은 공식적인 국가 서사에 묻혔던 식민지 과거의 불의에 관한 기억을 복원하는 데 초점을 맞추었다. 소외되었던 마오리 토착민을 역사의 전면에 내세우면서 가르치기 어려운 논쟁적인 역사를 정면으로 마주한 것이다. 기존에 은폐하고 배제했던 역사를 끌어안은 뉴질랜드 역사교육과정에 대한 여러 반응을 지속해서 지켜봄으로써 향후 가르치기 어려운 역사 문제를 우리 교육과정에서 어떻게 수용할지에 대한 학문적 논의를 확장해 나갈 필요가 있다.
Abstract
New Zealand, which is composed of many ethnic groups, has experienced many ups and downs historically before establishing a national identity. In particular, there was competition and conflict between the Maori, the indigenous people of New Zealand, and the settlers who later migrated from Europe, but eventually the country was led by European settlers. Afterwards, they abused power and used violence to deprive the Maori of various benefits. They forgot the past of Maori injustice and created a national identity emphasizing the harmonious relationship between European settlers and Maori people. However, recently in New Zealand, there has been an atmosphere to acknowledge the historical injustice suffered by the Maori people and to understand the culture and tradition of the Maori people, and these series of courses have been reflected in the curriculum. Accordingly, a history curriculum was organized centering on Māori history, and it was intended to be taught as a required subject from 2023. New Zealand's new history curriculum focuses on restoring memories of the injustices of the colonial past that were buried in the official national narrative. By putting the marginalized indigenous Māori people at the forefront of history, they faced a controversial history that was difficult to teach. It is necessary to expand academic discussions on how to accommodate history problems that are difficult to teach in our curriculum by continuously observing various reactions to the New Zealand history curriculum, which embraces history that has been previously concealed and excluded.
참고문헌 (19)
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