소아에서 발생한 허혈성 소장결장염
Ischemic Enterocolitis in Children
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목 적: 허혈성 소장결장염은 소장과 대장의 장벽에 육안적으로 괴사 반 또는 분절 괴사를 보이고 현미경적으로는 점막 및 점막하층에 허혈성 변화를 일으키는 급성 질환이다. 다양한 임상증상을 보이며 대증 치료로 호전되기도 하지만 장괴저, 독소혈증, 사망 등 중증 경과를 밟기도 한다. 원인은 확실히 밝혀지지 않았지만 장 미세순환의 장애나 과민반응이 주된 병리 기전으로 설명되고 있다.방 법: 부산대학교병원 소아과에 복통, 혈변, 토혈, 구토 또는 복부팽만 등의 급성 복증으로 내원한 환자 중 방사선 검사 소견, 수술 소견, 내시경 소견, 조직병리 소견 등이 괴사 반 또는 분절 괴사의 소견을 보이고 장간막 동맥의 폐쇄의 소견이 없으며 장의 허혈이나 괴사의 다른 기계적 또는 전신적 요인이 없는 허혈성 소장결장염에 합당한 6명의 임상 소견을 후향적으로 분석하였다.결 과: 1) 남아가 4명, 여아가 2명이었다. 2) 연령 분포는 생후 6주에서 6세까지였다. 3) 만삭에 가까운 1명을 제외하고 모두 만삭아였고 부당경량아 1명을 제외하고는 정상 출생 체중아였다. 4) 증상으로는 선혈변 또는 토혈 5예, 구토, 설사, 복통 또는 보챔이 각각 4예, 복부팽만과 발열 3예였다. 5) 침범 부위는 하행 결장 2예, 하행 결장 및 S상 결장 1예, S상 결장 1예, 전 대장 1예, 십이지장 구부 및 위 유문부가 1예였다. 6) 병변의 형태는 궤양 3예, 천공 2예, 괴사 반이 2예, 협착 1예, 심한 막성 상피 탈락 1예였다. 7) 치료로는 천공 부위의 일차 봉합 2예, 보존적 치료(수액 요법, 총 정맥 영양, 항생제 투여, 히스타민 길항제 투여 등) 4예였다. 8) 1예에서 급성 신부전이 동반되었고 사망자는 없었다.
Abstract
Purpose: Ischemic enterocolitis (IEC) is the total or partial infarction of the intestine in the absence of occlusion of a major mesenteric blood vessel. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical features of IEC in children. Methods: A clinical analysis of 6 patients with IEC who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics at Pusan National University Hospital, between 1996 and 2005 was conducted retrospectively. Patients were diagnosed with IEC based on clinical characteristics, including radiologic, endoscopic, histopathologic, and intraoperative findings. Results: Four boys and 2 girls between the age of 6 weeks and 6 years were included in this study. Most of the patients were born at term and had a birth weight that was appropriate for their gestational age. The major symptoms of IEC observed included hematochezia or hematemesis (5 cases), vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain or irritability (4 cases), as well as abdominal distension and fever (3 cases). IEC occurred in thecolon in 5 cases (2 descending colon, 1 descending and sigmoid colon, 1 sigmoid colon, 1 whole colon) and the duodenal bulb and gastric antrum in 1 case each. The type of the lesions observed includedulcera, which were found in 3 cases, perforation, which was pbserved in 2 cases, necrotic patches, which were observed in 2 cases, stricture, which was observedin 1 cases, and massive membranous desquamation of the epithelium, which was observed in 1 case. Two of the patients received surgical treatment and the remaining four were treated conservatively. None of the patients died. Conclusion: The presentation of IEC varies, and the findings of this study will be helpful in managing patients with IEC. (Korean J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2007; 10: 138 146)
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- Kim YH, "A case of hemolytic uremic syndrome in a child with ischemic colitis", 8, pp.86~90 (2004)
- Yoo HJ, "A case of ischemic colitis in childhood", 40, pp.867~871 (1997)
- Lee R, "A case of ischemic enteritis", 40, pp.255~259 (1997)
- "British Medical Journal. Necrotizing enterocolitis in the premature infant. Br Med J 1966", pp.1089~90
- Chandrasekharam VV, "A clinicopathological study of acute necrotising jejunoileitis", 18, pp.472~476 (2002)
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- Ludwig KA, "Shock-associated right colon ischemia and necrosis", 39, pp.1171~1174 (1995)
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- Magnusson I, "Civalero LA. Clinical appearances in severe ischaemic colitis. Case report. Acta Chir Scand 1990", pp.241~5
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- Oh YL, "Histopathological features of endoscopic biopsies in ischemic colitis", 33, pp.490~496 (1999)