헤밍웨이의 ‘자아통합감’(ego-integrity) 재건의 맥락에서 읽는 『노인과 바다』
The Old Man and the Sea and Hemingway’s Rebuilding Ego-integrity
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Earnest Hemingway is truly seen as one of the great American 20th century novelists. His The Old Man and the Sea (1952) won the 1953 Pulitzer Prize and was cited as a reason Hemingway won the 1954 Nobel Prize; it is Hemingway’s last major work of fiction that was published during his lifetime. This paper emphasizes on the fact that The Old Man and the Sea has been written during Hemingway’s severe depression. Although Hemingway’s manic-depressive illness was the genetic inheritance, it became more severe as he grew older. Thus, it seems ironic that Hemingway created such an idealistic character like Santiago, who personifies honor, courage, endurance, and faith, considering the commonly shared opinion, ‘the hero of a Hemingway novel is Hemingway.’ Based on the idea that Hemingway's writing can be seen as an adaptive defensive strategy for dealing with painful moods and suicidal impulses, this paper explores how Hemingway could rebuild his ‘ego-integrity’ by devoting himself to the writing of The Old Man and the Sea. If Santiago, an aging Cuban fisherman who struggles with a giant marlin, is Hemingway’s alter ego, I will investigate how Hemingway struggled with perpetual anxiety, doubts, disappointments, and uncertainties—that is, how Hemingway’s initiation into ‘old age’ is portrayed in the novel—by examining Santiago’s achievement of ego-integrity first.
Abstract
Earnest Hemingway is truly seen as one of the great American 20th century novelists. His The Old Man and the Sea (1952) won the 1953 Pulitzer Prize and was cited as a reason Hemingway won the 1954 Nobel Prize; it is Hemingway’s last major work of fiction that was published during his lifetime. This paper emphasizes on the fact that The Old Man and the Sea has been written during Hemingway’s severe depression. Although Hemingway’s manic-depressive illness was the genetic inheritance, it became more severe as he grew older. Thus, it seems ironic that Hemingway created such an idealistic character like Santiago, who personifies honor, courage, endurance, and faith, considering the commonly shared opinion, ‘the hero of a Hemingway novel is Hemingway.’ Based on the idea that Hemingway's writing can be seen as an adaptive defensive strategy for dealing with painful moods and suicidal impulses, this paper explores how Hemingway could rebuild his ‘ego-integrity’ by devoting himself to the writing of The Old Man and the Sea. If Santiago, an aging Cuban fisherman who struggles with a giant marlin, is Hemingway’s alter ego, I will investigate how Hemingway struggled with perpetual anxiety, doubts, disappointments, and uncertainties—that is, how Hemingway’s initiation into ‘old age’ is portrayed in the novel—by examining Santiago’s achievement of ego-integrity first.
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