Combined physical training protects the left ventricle from structural and functional damages in experimental pulmonary arterial hypertension
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Background Under the adverse remodeling of the right ventricle and interventricular septum in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) the left ventricle (LV) dynamics is impaired. Despite the benefts of combined aerobic and resist‑ ance physical trainings to individuals with PAH, its impact on the LV is not fully understood. Objective To test whether moderate-intensity combined physical training performed during the development of PAH induced by MCT in rats is benefcial to the LV’s structure and function. Methods Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: Sedentary Hypertensive Survival (SHS, n=7); and Exercise Hypertensive Survival (EHS, n=7) to test survival. To investigate the efects of combined physical training, another group of rats were divided into three groups: Sedentary Control (SC, n=7); Sedentary Hypertensive (SH, n=7); and Exercise Hypertensive (EH, n=7). PAH was induced through an intraperitoneal injection of MCT (60 mg/kg). Echocardiographic evaluations were conducted on the 22nd day after MCT administration. Animals in the EHS and EH groups participated in a combined physical training program, alternating aerobic (treadmill running: 50 min, 60% maximum running speed) and resistance (ladder climbing: 15 climbs with 1 min interval, 60% maximum carrying load) exercises, one session/day, 5 days/week for approximately 4 weeks. Results The physical training increased survival and tolerance to aerobic (i.e., maximum running speed) and resist‑ ance (i.e., maximum carrying load) exertions and prevented reductions in ejection fraction and fractional shortening. In addition, the physical training mitigated oxidative stress (i.e., CAT, SOD and MDA) and inhibited adverse LV remod‑ eling (i.e., Collagen, extracellular matrix, and cell dimensions). Moreover, the physical training preserved the ampli‑ tude and velocity of contraction and hindered the reductions in the amplitude and velocity of the intracellular Ca2+ transient in LV single myocytes. Conclusion Moderate-intensity combined physical training performed during the development of MCT-induced PAH in rats protects their LV from damages to its structure and function and hence increases their tolerance to physi‑ cal exertion and prolongs their survival.
Abstract
Background Under the adverse remodeling of the right ventricle and interventricular septum in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) the left ventricle (LV) dynamics is impaired. Despite the benefts of combined aerobic and resist‑ ance physical trainings to individuals with PAH, its impact on the LV is not fully understood. Objective To test whether moderate-intensity combined physical training performed during the development of PAH induced by MCT in rats is benefcial to the LV’s structure and function. Methods Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: Sedentary Hypertensive Survival (SHS, n=7); and Exercise Hypertensive Survival (EHS, n=7) to test survival. To investigate the efects of combined physical training, another group of rats were divided into three groups: Sedentary Control (SC, n=7); Sedentary Hypertensive (SH, n=7); and Exercise Hypertensive (EH, n=7). PAH was induced through an intraperitoneal injection of MCT (60 mg/kg). Echocardiographic evaluations were conducted on the 22nd day after MCT administration. Animals in the EHS and EH groups participated in a combined physical training program, alternating aerobic (treadmill running: 50 min, 60% maximum running speed) and resistance (ladder climbing: 15 climbs with 1 min interval, 60% maximum carrying load) exercises, one session/day, 5 days/week for approximately 4 weeks. Results The physical training increased survival and tolerance to aerobic (i.e., maximum running speed) and resist‑ ance (i.e., maximum carrying load) exertions and prevented reductions in ejection fraction and fractional shortening. In addition, the physical training mitigated oxidative stress (i.e., CAT, SOD and MDA) and inhibited adverse LV remod‑ eling (i.e., Collagen, extracellular matrix, and cell dimensions). Moreover, the physical training preserved the ampli‑ tude and velocity of contraction and hindered the reductions in the amplitude and velocity of the intracellular Ca2+ transient in LV single myocytes. Conclusion Moderate-intensity combined physical training performed during the development of MCT-induced PAH in rats protects their LV from damages to its structure and function and hence increases their tolerance to physi‑ cal exertion and prolongs their survival.
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