정신 약물과 탈모증
Psychotropic Drugs and Alopecia
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초록
약물로 유발된 탈모증은 임상가가 생각하는 것보다더 흔하게 발생한다. 그러나 이러한 약물을 복용하고있는 많은 환자들 모두가 이런 부작용을 겪는 것은 아니다. 무엇보다 중요한 것은 이러한 약물 부작용을 인지하는 것이 중요하다. 탈모증의 원인적 진단은 쉬운 일이 아니지만, 약물 중지 후 모발 재생이 일어나고, 약물 재투여시 탈모가 생긴다면 확정 지을 수 있다.4) 임상가는 장기간 약물 치료를 받는 환자에게 반드시 그들의모발에 대한 문진이 필요하다는 것을 인식하고 있어야하며, 두피뿐만 아니라 몸 전체의 탈모에 관심을 가져야 한다. 탈모는 약물 순응도에 영향을 끼치는 요소이기 때문이다. 탈모가 있는 환자에서 임상가는 탈모에대한 여러 가지 원인을 탐색해야 하는데, 특히, 갑상선기능 이상을 배제하는 것을 놓쳐서는 안된다.24)기분 조절제, 특히 lithium과 valproate는 탈모 및 변색을 잘 일으키는 약물이다. 이러한 효과는 약물 용량과관련성이 있는 것 같다. 그러나 이러한 약물을 대체할만한 약물을 찾거나 용량을 줄이는 것을 실제 임상에적용하기가 쉬운 일은 아니다. 새로운 기분 조절제는소수의 탈모사례들이 보고되어 있으며 아직까지는 비교적 드문 것으로 보이나 이에 대한 임상적 평가 및 경험이 더 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 약물로 유발된 탈모증에는 특정 치료가 없다. 다행히도 대체로 약물을 중단하거나 용량 감소시 호전되는 가역적인 현상이다. 또한 임상적으로 가능하다면 대체 약물 치료가 권고된다.4) 이러한 상황에서 무기질 요법의효용성은 아직 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 그러므로 단기적으로 가발 사용은 추천할 만하다. 또한 지지정신치료가이러한 환자에게 도움이 되기도 한다.5)- 1 0 -효과적인 약물 치료가 탈모를 유발했고, 적절한 대체치료가 없을 경우 환자와 임상가는 약물 지속 여부, 약물 중단, 약물 교체의 위험성과 잇점에 대해 서로 의논해야만 한다. 약물의 장단점이 비교되어야 하고, 어떤선택이든 지간에 효과와 부작용 면에서 어려움을 야기할 수 있다는 것을 논의해야 한다. 물론 환자의 탈모의심각성 정도, 정서적인 영향, 정신과적 상태 역시 고려되어야만 한다. 향후 약물에 대한 임상적 경험과 여러연구를 통해서 약물로 유발된 탈모에 대한 기전을 명확히 확인해야 하겠고, 이를 바탕으로 새로운 약물적 대안이 제공되어야 할 것이다. 중심 단어:정신약물·탈모·약물순응도.
Abstract
Medication-induced alopecia is an occasional side effect of many psychotropic drugs. Most of the mood stabilizer and antidepressant drugs can lead to this condition. Some antipsychotic and anxiolytic agents maybe also induce alopecia. Furthermore, hair loss is related to hypothyroidism, which can be induced by lithium and other agents. The aim of this review is to investigate the association between alopecia and psychotropic drugs by estimating reporting rates. Alopecia might not be reported by some patients, but physicians should be aware of this potential problem which may contribute to noncompliance. Discontinuation of the medication or dose reduction almost always leads to complete hair regrowth. The therapeutic value of mineral supplements remains unclear.
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