Validation of Wearable Digital Devices for Heart Rate Measurement During Exercise Test in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
0
조회
0
다운로드
2
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Objective: To assess the accuracy of recently commercialized wearable devices in heart rate (HR) measurement during cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPX) under gradual increase in exercise intensity, while wearable devices with HR monitors are reported to be less accurate in different exercise intensities.Methods: CPX was performed for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Twelve lead electrocardiograph (ECG) was the gold standard and Apple watch 7 (AW7), Galaxy watch 4 (GW4) and Bio Patch Mobicare 200 (MC200) were applied for comparison. Paired absolute difference (PAD), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were evaluated for each device.Results: Forty-four participants with CAD were included. All the devices showed MAPE under 2% and ICC above 0.9 in rest, exercise and recovery phases (MC200=0.999, GW4=0.997, AW7=0.998). When comparing exercise and recovery phase, PAD of MC200 and AW7 in recovery phase were significantly bigger than PAD of exercise phase (p<0.05). Although not significant, PAD of GW4 tended to be bigger in recovery phase, too. Also, when stratified by HR 20, ICC of all the devices were highest under HR of 100, and ICC decreased as HR increased. However, except for ICC of GW4 at HR above 160 (=0.867), all ICCs exceeded 0.9 indicating excellent accuracy.Conclusion: The HR measurement of the devices validated in this study shows a high concordance with the ECG device, so CAD patients may benefit from the devices during high-intensity exercise under conditions where HR is measured reliably.
Abstract
Objective: To assess the accuracy of recently commercialized wearable devices in heart rate (HR) measurement during cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPX) under gradual increase in exercise intensity, while wearable devices with HR monitors are reported to be less accurate in different exercise intensities.Methods: CPX was performed for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Twelve lead electrocardiograph (ECG) was the gold standard and Apple watch 7 (AW7), Galaxy watch 4 (GW4) and Bio Patch Mobicare 200 (MC200) were applied for comparison. Paired absolute difference (PAD), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were evaluated for each device.Results: Forty-four participants with CAD were included. All the devices showed MAPE under 2% and ICC above 0.9 in rest, exercise and recovery phases (MC200=0.999, GW4=0.997, AW7=0.998). When comparing exercise and recovery phase, PAD of MC200 and AW7 in recovery phase were significantly bigger than PAD of exercise phase (p<0.05). Although not significant, PAD of GW4 tended to be bigger in recovery phase, too. Also, when stratified by HR 20, ICC of all the devices were highest under HR of 100, and ICC decreased as HR increased. However, except for ICC of GW4 at HR above 160 (=0.867), all ICCs exceeded 0.9 indicating excellent accuracy.Conclusion: The HR measurement of the devices validated in this study shows a high concordance with the ECG device, so CAD patients may benefit from the devices during high-intensity exercise under conditions where HR is measured reliably.
참고문헌 (36)
- Thomas RJ, "Home-based cardiac rehabilitation : a scientific statement from the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation, the American Heart Association, and the American College of Cardiology", Circulation, 140, pp.e69~e89 (2019)
- Kim C, "Current status of cardiac rehabilitation in the Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Centers in Korea", J Clin Med, 10, pp.5079~ (2021)
- Buckingham SA, "Home-based versus centre-based cardiac rehabilitation : abridged Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis", Open Heart, 3, pp.e000463~ (2016)
- Antoniou V, "Effectiveness of home-based cardiac rehabilitation, using wearable sensors, as a multicomponent, cutting-edge intervention : a systematic review and meta-analysis", J Clin Med, 11, pp.3772~ (2022)
- Anderson L, "Home-based versus centre-based cardiac rehabilitation", Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 6, pp.CD007130~ (2017)
- 김철, "Accuracy and Validity of Commercial Smart Bands for Heart Rate Measurements During Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test", Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine, 46(4), pp.209~218 (2022), 대한재활의학회[DOI]
- Bidargaddi NP, "Activity and heart rate-based measures for outpatient cardiac rehabilitation", Methods Inf Med, 47, pp.208~216 (2008)
- Gillinov S, "Variable accuracy of wearable heart rate monitors during aerobic exercise", Med Sci Sports Exerc, 49, pp.1697~1703 (2017)
- Boudreaux BD, "Validity of wearable activity monitors during cycling and resistance exercise", Med Sci Sports Exerc, 50, pp.624~633 (2018)
- Dooley EE, "Estimating accuracy at exercise intensities : a comparative study of self-monitoring heart rate and physical activity wearable devices", JMIR Mhealth Uhealth, 5, pp.e34~ (2017)
- Etiwy M, "Accuracy of wearable heart rate monitors in cardiac rehabilitation", Cardiovasc Diagn Ther, 10, pp.644~645 (2020)
- Martinato M, "Usability and accuracy of a smartwatch for the assessment of physical activity in the elderly population : observational study", JMIR Mhealth Uhealth, 9, pp.e20966~ (2021)
- Prieto-Avalos G, "Wearable devices for physical monitoring of heart : a review", Biosensors(Basel), 12, pp.292~ (2022)
- Arifin WN, "A web-based sample size calculator for reliability studies", Educ Med J, 10, pp.67~76 (2018)
- Koo TK, "A guideline of selecting and reporting intraclass correlation coefficients for reliability research", J Chiropr Med, 16, pp.346~ (2017)
- Fletcher GF, "Stroke Nursing, and Council on Epidemiology and Prevention. Exercise standards for testing and training: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association", Circulation, 128, pp.873~934 (2013)
- Fokkema T, "Reliability and validity of ten consumer activity trackers depend on walking speed", Med Sci Sports Exerc, 49, pp.793~800 (2017)
- Nelson BW, "Accuracy of consumer wearable heart rate measurement during an ecologically valid 24-hour period : intraindividual validation study", JMIR Mhealth Uhealth, 7, pp.e10828~ (2019)
- Kwon S, "Validation of adhesive single-lead ECG device compared with Holter monitoring among non-atrial fibrillation patients", Sensors(Basel), 21, pp.3122~ (2021)
- Ghaffari S, "Abnormal heart rate recovery after exercise predicts coronary artery disease severity", Cardiol J, 18, pp.47~54 (2011)
- Johnson NP, "Prognostic value of late heart rate recovery after treadmill exercise", Am J Cardiol, 110, pp.763~ (2012)
- Gayda M, "Heart rate recovery after exercise and long-term prognosis in patients with coronary artery disease", Can J Cardiol, 28, pp.201~207 (2012)
- Navalta JW, "Concurrent heart rate validity of wearable technology devices during trail running", PLoS One, 15, pp.e0238569~ (2020)
- Alzahrani A, "A multi-channel opto-electronic sensor to accurately monitor heart rate against motion artefact during exercise", Sensors(Basel), 15, pp.25681~25702 (2015)
- Fatema El-Amrawy, "Are Currently Available Wearable Devices for Activity Tracking and Heart Rate Monitoring Accurate, Precise, and Medically Beneficial?", Healthcare Informatics Research, 21(4), pp.315~320 (2015), 대한의료정보학회[DOI]
- Laukkanen RM, "Heart rate monitors : state of the art", J Sports Sci, 16(Suppl), pp.S3~7 (1998)
- Léger L, "Heart rate monitors : validity, stability, and functionality", Phys Sportsmed, 16, pp.143~151 (1988)
- Patel MS, "Wearable devices as facilitators, not drivers, of health behavior change", JAMA, 313, pp.459~460 (2015)
- Bent B, "Investigating sources of inaccuracy in wearable optical heart rate sensors", NPJ Digit Med, 3, pp.18~ (2020)
- Sarhaddi F, "A comprehensive accuracy assessment of Samsung smartwatch heart rate and heart rate variability", PLoS One, 17, pp.e0268361~ (2022)
- Nissen M, "Heart rate measurement accuracy of Fitbit Charge 4 and Samsung Galaxy Watch Active2 : device evaluation study", JMIR Form Res, 6, pp.e33635~ (2022)
- "Optimised convolutional neural networks for heart rate estimation and human activity recognition in wrist worn sensing applications" (2020)[URL]
- 강정훈, "가속도계를 이용한 광전용적맥파의 동잡음 제거", 의공학회지, 28(3), pp.369~376 (2007), 대한의용생체공학회
- Kappert K, "Impact of sex on cardiovascular outcome in patients at high cardiovascular risk : analysis of the Telmisartan Randomized Assessment Study in ACE-Intolerant Subjects With Cardiovascular Disease(TRANSCEND)and the Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and in Combination With Ramipril Global End Point Trial(ONTARGET)", Circulation, 126, pp.934~941 (2012)
- Bots SH, "Sex differences in coronary heart disease and stroke mortality : a global assessment of the effect of ageing between 1980 and 2010", BMJ Glob Health, 2, pp.e000298~ (2017)
- Blok S, "The accuracy of heartbeat detection using photoplethysmography technology in cardiac patients", J Electrocardiol, 67, pp.148~157 (2021)