용서받을 수 없는 죄에 대한 고찰: 「이썬 브랜드」를 중심으로
A Consideration of Unpardonable Sin in the case of "Ethan Brand"
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This paper examines the basic concept of Nathaniel Hawthorne's Christianity in "Ethan Brand." In most of his works, Hawthorne reveals his interest in the matter of Christianity in society. As much as he was concerned with the religion, he was also fascinated by the problematical nature of evil. Hawthorne was deeply intrigued by the concept of religious subjects as the unpardonable sin. The Christian concept of the unpardonable sin stems from a warning in the New Testament, which pronounces it as a sin against the Holy Ghost. According to the Bible, The Holy Ghost resides in the heart of human being. The Bible cautions men against hardening of their hearts and against the spiritual destruction. Hawthorne was noted for being well-versed in Biblical Literature. It can be said the Bible itself, rather than the religious tradition, exerted the greater influence on Hawthorne's concept of the unpardonable sin. "Ethan Brand" treats the unpardonable sin more directly than any other works of Hawthorne. Ethan Brand, a lonesome and thoughtful lime burner changes into a Satan who tries to search the 'Unpardonable Sin' in the hearts of others. Eventually he finds it in his own mind after an eighteen year quest. He willfully decides to reject God's plan of salvation, forfeiting his place in the magnetic chain of humanity, through which he commits the unpardonable sin. Spiritual despair like Brand’s earmarks the unpardonable sinner. At midnight, the most desolate hour of the day, Brand in despair plunges himself into the fire to die. The dismal tale which resolves with the hero's suicide becomes gloomier with the derelict adult villagers he encounters. Even though these villagers survive in the community, they are oblivious to the "brother-man" relationship. The German Jew with a diorama, a disguised devil, shares a common characteristic with Brand, which is a denial of the magnetic chain of humanity. The only difference between the Jew and Brand is that the Jew is able to lead his life without any consciousness of the terrible isolation of the empty world. Nobody in the village seems to be aware of the bleak loneliness of Brand except for little Joe who demonstrates a flicker of sympathy toward Brand. Even Joe, however, appears to forget Brand in the sunny next morning. With this absurd, and dark story, Hawthorne paradoxically suggests a fundamental preaching of Christ, 'You shall love your neighbor as yourself.'
Abstract
This paper examines the basic concept of Nathaniel Hawthorne's Christianity in "Ethan Brand." In most of his works, Hawthorne reveals his interest in the matter of Christianity in society. As much as he was concerned with the religion, he was also fascinated by the problematical nature of evil. Hawthorne was deeply intrigued by the concept of religious subjects as the unpardonable sin. The Christian concept of the unpardonable sin stems from a warning in the New Testament, which pronounces it as a sin against the Holy Ghost. According to the Bible, The Holy Ghost resides in the heart of human being. The Bible cautions men against hardening of their hearts and against the spiritual destruction. Hawthorne was noted for being well-versed in Biblical Literature. It can be said the Bible itself, rather than the religious tradition, exerted the greater influence on Hawthorne's concept of the unpardonable sin. "Ethan Brand" treats the unpardonable sin more directly than any other works of Hawthorne. Ethan Brand, a lonesome and thoughtful lime burner changes into a Satan who tries to search the 'Unpardonable Sin' in the hearts of others. Eventually he finds it in his own mind after an eighteen year quest. He willfully decides to reject God's plan of salvation, forfeiting his place in the magnetic chain of humanity, through which he commits the unpardonable sin. Spiritual despair like Brand’s earmarks the unpardonable sinner. At midnight, the most desolate hour of the day, Brand in despair plunges himself into the fire to die. The dismal tale which resolves with the hero's suicide becomes gloomier with the derelict adult villagers he encounters. Even though these villagers survive in the community, they are oblivious to the "brother-man" relationship. The German Jew with a diorama, a disguised devil, shares a common characteristic with Brand, which is a denial of the magnetic chain of humanity. The only difference between the Jew and Brand is that the Jew is able to lead his life without any consciousness of the terrible isolation of the empty world. Nobody in the village seems to be aware of the bleak loneliness of Brand except for little Joe who demonstrates a flicker of sympathy toward Brand. Even Joe, however, appears to forget Brand in the sunny next morning. With this absurd, and dark story, Hawthorne paradoxically suggests a fundamental preaching of Christ, 'You shall love your neighbor as yourself.'
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