Plant-Derived Antimicrobials against Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria
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Foodborne pathogens are often associated with pandemic, endemic, and sporadic foodborne disease outbreaks. These pathogenic bacteria commonly belong to genus Vibrio spp., Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogens, Escherichia coli, Clostridium spp., Bacillus spp., Campylobacter spp., and Staphylococcus spp. Antimicrobials are the mainstay of infectious disease treatments in humans and animals. However, continuous indiscriminate usage of antimicrobials has posed a serious threat to human and animal health. Moreover, hepatotoxicity, anaphylaxis, nephrotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and gastrointestinal and hematological side effects are major concerns as well. This situation has led to the discovery of novel antimicrobial agents. Aromatic plant extracts have been used for disease remedies for centuries. Therefore, the plants are now overwhelmingly screened to develop safer novel antimicrobial agents. This review article discusses various phytocompounds along with their extraction strategies, and antimicrobial potential against foodborne pathogens. Furthermore, their combined applications with existing antibiotics to counter bacterial resistance, benefits, challenges, and necessary future improvements are highlighted as well.
Abstract
Foodborne pathogens are often associated with pandemic, endemic, and sporadic foodborne disease outbreaks. These pathogenic bacteria commonly belong to genus Vibrio spp., Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogens, Escherichia coli, Clostridium spp., Bacillus spp., Campylobacter spp., and Staphylococcus spp. Antimicrobials are the mainstay of infectious disease treatments in humans and animals. However, continuous indiscriminate usage of antimicrobials has posed a serious threat to human and animal health. Moreover, hepatotoxicity, anaphylaxis, nephrotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and gastrointestinal and hematological side effects are major concerns as well. This situation has led to the discovery of novel antimicrobial agents. Aromatic plant extracts have been used for disease remedies for centuries. Therefore, the plants are now overwhelmingly screened to develop safer novel antimicrobial agents. This review article discusses various phytocompounds along with their extraction strategies, and antimicrobial potential against foodborne pathogens. Furthermore, their combined applications with existing antibiotics to counter bacterial resistance, benefits, challenges, and necessary future improvements are highlighted as well.