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『하얀 악마』(The White Devil): 플라미네오(Flamineo)의 생존투쟁

The White Devil: Flamineo’s Struggle for Survival

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The purpose of this article is to explore Flamineo’s struggle for survival in The White Devil and find out the satiric meaning of the play that Webster describes immoral and chaotic society. People violate traditional morality and disturb the social order for their interests. Webster criticized the moral hazard in the Jacobean society. Although Flamineo was an intellectual who graduated from university in Pauda, he could not find a job adequate to his ability in the senseless society. So he chose the devilish means exploited by his superiors. He had no alternative but to perform his roles as a vicious agent, even though he was intelligent enough to recognize and judge right and wrong. He ironically had to struggle for survival in a corrupt society. He could not be promoted to the upper position in the court where the criterium of ‘punishment and reward’ was totally disorganized. Webster severely criticized this situation in which the intellectuals pursued purposelessly their devilish instincts. Webster emphasized that their corruption resulted from the injustice. His characters talked about arbitrariness of ‘punishment and reward’ in the court. Webster focused the social influence that he was force to be evil and evil agent for survival. In conclusion, Webster satirized Jacobean English society where moral values and political aims were broadly corrupted. He paradoxically suggested various aspects of his ideal society. However, he asserted on the fact that social order should be reformed for people to be treated justly and adequately to their ability.

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to explore Flamineo’s struggle for survival in The White Devil and find out the satiric meaning of the play that Webster describes immoral and chaotic society. People violate traditional morality and disturb the social order for their interests. Webster criticized the moral hazard in the Jacobean society. Although Flamineo was an intellectual who graduated from university in Pauda, he could not find a job adequate to his ability in the senseless society. So he chose the devilish means exploited by his superiors. He had no alternative but to perform his roles as a vicious agent, even though he was intelligent enough to recognize and judge right and wrong. He ironically had to struggle for survival in a corrupt society. He could not be promoted to the upper position in the court where the criterium of ‘punishment and reward’ was totally disorganized. Webster severely criticized this situation in which the intellectuals pursued purposelessly their devilish instincts. Webster emphasized that their corruption resulted from the injustice. His characters talked about arbitrariness of ‘punishment and reward’ in the court. Webster focused the social influence that he was force to be evil and evil agent for survival. In conclusion, Webster satirized Jacobean English society where moral values and political aims were broadly corrupted. He paradoxically suggested various aspects of his ideal society. However, he asserted on the fact that social order should be reformed for people to be treated justly and adequately to their ability.

참고문헌 (22)

  1. 강석주, "하얀 악마에 나타난 비극의 모호성과 그 전복의 의미", 영어영문학연구, 33(4), pp.1~19 (2007), 대한영어영문학회
  2. Bogard, Travis, "The Tragic Satire of John Webster" (1955), U of California P
  3. Bradbrook, M. C, "Themes and Conventions of Elizabethan Tragedy" (1957), Cambridge UP
  4. Bradbrook, M. C, "John Webster: Citizen and Dramatist" (1980), Columbia UP
  5. Brooke, Rupert, "John Webster and The Elizabethan Drama" (1916), Sidgwick and Jackson
  6. Brown, J. Russell, "The White Devil. By John Webster" (1992), Manchester UP
  7. Cannon, John, "The Oxford Illustrated History of the British Monarchy" (1988), Guild Publishing
  8. Dollimore, Jonathan, "Radical Tragedy: Religion, Ideology and Power in the Drama of Shakespeare and His Contempories" (1989), Harvest
  9. Fareley-Hills, David, "Jacobean Drama: A Critical Study of the Professional Drama, 1600-25" (1988), Mcmillan
  10. Forker, Charles, "Skull Beneath the Skin: The Achievement of John Webster" (1986), Southern Illinois UP
  11. Goldberg, Dena, "Between Worlds: A Study of the Plays of John Webster" (1986), Wilfred Laurier UP
  12. Greenblatt, Stephen, "Renaissance Self-Fashioning: From More to Shakespeare" (1980), U of Chicago P
  13. King, Bruce, "Seventeenth-Century English Literature" (1982), Schocken
  14. Lever, J. W, "The Tragedy of State" (1971), Methuen
  15. Lucas, F. L, "The Complete Works of John Webster, 4 vols" (1927), Gurdian
  16. Parrot, Thomas M, "A Short View of Elizabethan Drama" (1943), Charles Scriber’s Sons
  17. Stoll, Elmer Edgar, "John Webster" (1978), Alfred Mudge & Son
  18. Stone, Lawrence, "The Crisis of the Aristocracy" (1967), Oxford UP
  19. Stycharski, A, "Ethics, Individualism, and Class in John Webster’s The White Devil", Criticism, 54(2), pp.291~315 (2012)
  20. Travelyan, G. M, "A Short History of England" (1979), Penguin Books
  21. Webster, John, "The White Devil" (1992), Manchester UP
  22. Wymer Rowland, "Webster and Ford" (1995), Mcmillan

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