과학적 토기분석을 통해본 아무르와 연해주의 폴체 문화

Abstract

The questions, connected with the study of the cultures of the Iron age of the Russian Far East, are not new. However, until now, some of the important remain the problems of the origin of ‘Poltse’ culture, connections of Amur and Primorie(Maritime Province) in the designated time. In this plan the specific information can present the analysis of pottery materials with the application of contemporary methods, including - the petrological microscopy, the thermal Gravity Analysis(TGA), X-ray diffraction analysis(XRD). The basic special features of the mineralogical composition of pottery in both regions do not demonstrate essential differences. But, from this parameter as the composition of molding compositions (quantity of models with the organic additives or the chamotte, with the sand or the rock fragments), it is possible to note the presence of the interrelation of ‘zeltyi Yar’, ‘PoltseⅠ’, ‘Glazovka’, ‘Bulochka’, but ‘Amurskij Sanatorij’ differs from the others. Most clearly the differences between the models of ancient ceramics of four monuments of the Far East are manifested with the comparison of the results of XRD and TGA studies. Thus, the models of pottery from ‘PoltseⅠ’, ‘Glazovka’ and ‘zeltyi Yar’ are uniform in the limits of one monument and are individual for each monument. The model of pottery of one monument can be reliably distinguished of the model of another monument by the phase composition. It is a different matter with the pottery from the ‘Amurskij Sanatorij’. Two models of four contain mullite, and in principle they do not differ from models ‘PoltseⅠ’. Remaining four models contain the non-identified phase, which gives reflexes to 34.2° and 38.3°. The same phase is discovered in two models of ‘Glazovka’. The composition of the feldspar in the pottery of ‘Amurskij Sanatorij’ corresponds to the composition of the feldspar in the models ‘PoltseⅠ’ and ‘Glazovka’.