Calcium chloride is a better calcium source rather than calcium carbonate for weanling pigs
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Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of calcium (Ca) levels in weanlingpigs (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc). In experiment 1, one hundred and eighty weanling pigswere randomly allotted to one of the three treatments. The treatments were low (Ca 0.60% inphase 1 and 0.50% in phase 2), standard (Ca 0.72% in phase 1 and 0.66% in phase 2), andhigh (Ca 0.84% in phase 1 and 0.72% in phase 2). In experiment 2, hundred and forty weanlingpigs were randomly assigned to one of four treatments differing in Ca levels (high andlow) and sources (CaCl2 and CaCO3) in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. There were 10 pigsper replicate in both experiments, with 6 replicates in each treatment, and they were conductedin two phases (phase 1, days 0–14; phase 2, days 15–28). In experiment 1, body weight(BW), average daily gain (ADG), and growth to feed ratio (G/F) increased as the Ca leveldecreased (p < 0.05). P digestibility was higher in the low-Ca diet group than in the high-Cadiet group (p <0.05). In experiment 2, the final BW, ADG, and G/F increased in the CaCl2 dietgroup compared with the case in the CaCO3 diet group (p < 0.05). The digestibility of crudeprotein (CP), Ca, and P was higher in the CaCl2 diet group than in the CaCO3 diet group (p <0.05). Cl− levels were higher in the CaCl2 diet group than in the CaCO3 diet group (p < 0.05). The bicarbonate (HCO3−), base excess (BE), and electrolyte balance (EB) levels were lowerin the CaCl2 diet group than in the CaCO3 diet group (p < 0.05). Hematocrit increased as theCa level decreased (p < 0.05). The HCO3− interacted with the Ca sources and thus, affectedthe Ca levels (p < 0.05). Bone ash, Ca, and P were downregulated in the low-Ca diet groupcompared with the case in the high-Ca diet group. Overall, the low dietary Ca supplementationled to greater growth performance. Furthermore, CaCl2 appeared to be a better Casource than CaCO3 because of the greater digestibility of CP, Ca, and P, and improved EB.
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of calcium (Ca) levels in weanlingpigs (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc). In experiment 1, one hundred and eighty weanling pigswere randomly allotted to one of the three treatments. The treatments were low (Ca 0.60% inphase 1 and 0.50% in phase 2), standard (Ca 0.72% in phase 1 and 0.66% in phase 2), andhigh (Ca 0.84% in phase 1 and 0.72% in phase 2). In experiment 2, hundred and forty weanlingpigs were randomly assigned to one of four treatments differing in Ca levels (high andlow) and sources (CaCl2 and CaCO3) in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. There were 10 pigsper replicate in both experiments, with 6 replicates in each treatment, and they were conductedin two phases (phase 1, days 0–14; phase 2, days 15–28). In experiment 1, body weight(BW), average daily gain (ADG), and growth to feed ratio (G/F) increased as the Ca leveldecreased (p < 0.05). P digestibility was higher in the low-Ca diet group than in the high-Cadiet group (p <0.05). In experiment 2, the final BW, ADG, and G/F increased in the CaCl2 dietgroup compared with the case in the CaCO3 diet group (p < 0.05). The digestibility of crudeprotein (CP), Ca, and P was higher in the CaCl2 diet group than in the CaCO3 diet group (p <0.05). Cl− levels were higher in the CaCl2 diet group than in the CaCO3 diet group (p < 0.05). The bicarbonate (HCO3−), base excess (BE), and electrolyte balance (EB) levels were lowerin the CaCl2 diet group than in the CaCO3 diet group (p < 0.05). Hematocrit increased as theCa level decreased (p < 0.05). The HCO3− interacted with the Ca sources and thus, affectedthe Ca levels (p < 0.05). Bone ash, Ca, and P were downregulated in the low-Ca diet groupcompared with the case in the high-Ca diet group. Overall, the low dietary Ca supplementationled to greater growth performance. Furthermore, CaCl2 appeared to be a better Casource than CaCO3 because of the greater digestibility of CP, Ca, and P, and improved EB.
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