조선 초기 부곡의 규모와 존재 형태

Abstract

During the early Chosun dynasty, there were two types of “pugok collectives" (pugok jipdan), an administrative label for groups of low level commoners engaged in agriculture and the handicrafts industry, who also cultivated land on behalf of the court or monasteries. The first type was relatively large in terms of the size of its acreage and population compared to other collectives and became elevated either to county status county or to the next largest level. The second type of pugok collective was of a smaller scale more similar to an indigenous village. The first type, however, did not exceed more than one eighth to one ninth the size of a main county (juhyeon) and one fourth to one third the size of a secondary country (sokhyeon). Most of the pugok collectives were of the second type which did not exceed the size of a village. Such disparities and variations existed among the pugok collectives during the early Chosun dynasty. These two types of collectives served a specific role in the course of early Chosun dynasty history. At the time, the people of these collectives moved to areas amenable to agricultural cultivation, expanding the cultivated lands and establishing new villages, thereby contributing to the expansion of villages. In the midst of this, there was a simultaneous and gradual shift away from regionally isolated villages to a more collective village formation. The first type of collective played an important role in the growth and development of villages at this time. The second type was so insignificant in scale that it could not be maintained as an independent administrative unit. For this reason, they largely vanished beginning in the end of Goryeo to the early Chosun dynasty with the wide-scale reorganization of the counties. As a result, they marked the acceleration of county reorganization.