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멕시코의 국제노동이주와 송금

International Labor Migration and Remittances in Mexico

주종택
한국라틴아메리카학회 (Latin American Studies Association Of Korea)|2009.03|라틴아메리카연구 (Asian Journal of Latinamerican Studies)|제22권 제1호|pp. 99-128|DOI 10.22945/ajlas.2009.22.1.99

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참고문헌

키워드

EconomyMexico멕시코경제송금Remittances국제노동이주가구전략International Labor MigrationHousehold Strategies
주제분류지역학

초록

Abstract

This article aims at understanding the diverse characteristics of remittances acquired by international labor migration from Mexico to the U.S. International labor migration to the U.S. is of great consequence in socioeconomic terms in the Mexican society. Economic impact of migration to the U.S. stands out in remittances, money sent home by migrant workers abroad. This research shows that the lion's share of remittances in the community is used to purchase consumer goods and only a small part of them are actually invested in productive economic activities. However, current patterns of the usage of remittances cannot be always rigidly dichotomized as ‘unproductive' and ‘productive' or ‘positive' and ‘negative' because we can find many valuable second­round, multiplier, and indirect effects in the local socioeconomic activities. Existing researches on remittances based on the naive dichotomy of ‘positive' or ‘negative' function sometimes fail to understand the real socioeconomic phenomena in the rural society. In fact, both aspects of the role of remittances (positive or negative, productive or unproductive) can be found in the same community simultaneously or alternately with the lapse of time. In the same context, the dualistic perspective of ‘positive' or ‘negative' function of remittances may fail to notice their changing roles depending on the passage of time and the socioeconomic conditions of households and the community. For the proper understanding of international labor migration and remittances in Mexico, we should admit that the patterns and effects of migration and remittances have been changed incessantly according to individual and household economic status, family development cycle, and unique local socioeconomic structures. For example, the relationship between remittances and individual and household conditions needs to be carefully investigated. In San Juan del Estado, the patterns of the uses of remittances can be changed from consumption to investment or from investment to consumption among many households. Many households even decide to save remittances for the future use after fulfilling domestic daily expenditures.

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