기술적 문제해결력 평가틀 개발
The Development of an Assessment Framework for Technological Problem Solving Capability
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이 연구의 목적은 기술적 문제해결력을 평가하기 위한 평가틀을 개발하고, 평가틀의 하위 평가영역에 대한 상대적 중요도를 구명하는 데 있다. 이러한 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 기술적 문제해결력 평가틀의 개발은 ‘구안 단계’, ‘타당화 단계’, 그리고 ‘분석 단계’의 세 가지 단계를 거쳐 진행되었다. 먼저 기술적 문제해결력 평가틀의 구안 단계에서는 기술적 문제해결력의 개념 정의와 함께 기술적 문제해결력의 개념 구조를 설정하였다. 이 연구에서는 기술적 문제해결력을 기술적 문제공간의 특성에 근거하여 기술적 지식체계인 기술의 내용 토대 위에서 다루어야 할 기술적 문제 상황을 문제해결 과정과 절차에 의하여 해결해 나갈 때 계발되는 일련의 능력으로 정의하였다. 그리고 기술적 문제해결력의 개념적 구조를 기술의 내용체계, 기술적 문제상황, 그리고 기술적 문제해결과정으로 설정하였다. 이러한 개념적 구조에 근거하여 기술적 문제해결력 평가틀의 차원은 내용(재료, 구조, 동력, 제어, 생명), 상황(발명, 설계, 고장수리, 절차), 그리고 과정(문제의 이해, 계획, 실행, 결과)의 세 가지로 설정하였다. 기술적 문제해결력 평가틀의 초안에 대한 타당화를 위해 델파이 기법을 적용하였으며, 교수 및 연구원, 교사로 구성된 전문가 패널을 대상으로 3회에 걸친 델파이 조사를 통해 최종적으로 3개의 평가차원, 13개의 평가영역, 그리고 과정 평가차원의 4개 평가영역 아래에 10개의 평가항목과 28개의 평가지표로 구성된 기술적 문제해결력 평가틀을 개발하였다. 기술적 문제해결력 평가틀의 평가영역 중 상황 평가차원의 평가영역에 대한 상대적 중요도는 발명, 설계, 절차, 고장수리의 순으로 나타났으며, 내용 평가차원의 평가영역에 대한 상대적 중요도는 제조, 통신, 수송, 건설, 생명의 순으로 나타났다. 그리고 과정 평가차원의 평가영역에 대한 상대적 중요도는 문제인식, 실행, 탐색, 그리고 평가의 순으로 나타났다.
Abstract
This study was purported to develop an assessment framework for technological problem solving capability, and to investigate relative weight about subordinate assessment domains of the assessment framework. The process of assessment framework development in this study was broken into three phases: draft development, validation, and analysis. the first step in the draft phase was to establish a concept definition and a conceptual structure of technological problem solving capability. In this study, technological problem solving capability was defined as capability used for solving problem in technological problem context, and a conceptual structure of technological problem solving capability was established by content system of technology, technological problem context, and technological problem solving process. Based on this conceptual structure, the assessment framework of technological problem solving capability was comprised of three dimensions: content(manufacturing, communication, transportation, construction and life), context(invention, design, procedure, and troubleshooting), and process(problem's awareness, inquiry, execution, and assessment). The finally confirmed assessment framework consisted of 3 assessment dimensions and 13 assessment domains. Process assessment dimension consisted of 4 assessment domains, 10 assessment specifications, and 28 assessment indicators. As a result of estimating relative weight about assessment domains, the weight appreciated by the whole panel was ordered as follows: (1) 'invention', 'design', 'procedure', and 'troubleshooting' in the assessment domains of context assessment dimension. (2) 'manufacturing', 'communication', 'transportation', 'construction' and 'life' in the assessment domains of content assessment dimension. (3) 'problem's awareness', 'execution', 'inquiry', and 'assessment' in the assessment domains of process assessment dimension.
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