강화도 남부 해역 인근 육상오염원의 환경변화에 따른 세균상 변동 및 항생제 내성균 내성 특성
Variations in Bacterial Groups and Antimicrobial Resistance Characteristics with Changing Environmental Inland Pollution Sources in the Southern Coastal Area of Ganghwa Island, South Korea
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초록
This study investigated the seasonal dynamics of bacterial communities and antimicrobial resistance in the southern coastal waters of Ganghwa Island, South Korea. Twelve samples were collected seasonally from three inland pollution sources (sites 1–3) in2021. High concentrations of total and fecal coliforms were detected at all sites, with site 1 showing the highest levels (5,400,000 and 2,300,000 MPN/100 mL, respectively). In total, 264 gram-negative bacteria were isolated, including as the dominant genera Escherichia spp., Klebsiella spp., and Pseudomonas spp.. Antimicrobial resistance analysis revealed site- and season-specific variations. The lowest resistance rates were observed in November (site 1), April (site 2), and August (site 3). Seasonal variations were evident in the resistance profiles and multiple antimicrobial resistance (MAR) indices, with the lowest MAR rates recorded in November. More than 50% of the isolates collected in February, April, and August showed resistance to five key antimicrobials, including ampicillin and ceftiofur. These results suggest that inland pollution sources contribute to the dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in adjacent coastal environments and that seasonal environmental changes may influence resistance patterns. These findings provide valuable baseline data inform the management of inland pollution, enhance seafood hygiene practices, and safeguard the health of marine ecosystems.
Abstract
This study investigated the seasonal dynamics of bacterial communities and antimicrobial resistance in the southern coastal waters of Ganghwa Island, South Korea. Twelve samples were collected seasonally from three inland pollution sources (sites 1–3) in2021. High concentrations of total and fecal coliforms were detected at all sites, with site 1 showing the highest levels (5,400,000 and 2,300,000 MPN/100 mL, respectively). In total, 264 gram-negative bacteria were isolated, including as the dominant genera Escherichia spp., Klebsiella spp., and Pseudomonas spp.. Antimicrobial resistance analysis revealed site- and season-specific variations. The lowest resistance rates were observed in November (site 1), April (site 2), and August (site 3). Seasonal variations were evident in the resistance profiles and multiple antimicrobial resistance (MAR) indices, with the lowest MAR rates recorded in November. More than 50% of the isolates collected in February, April, and August showed resistance to five key antimicrobials, including ampicillin and ceftiofur. These results suggest that inland pollution sources contribute to the dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in adjacent coastal environments and that seasonal environmental changes may influence resistance patterns. These findings provide valuable baseline data inform the management of inland pollution, enhance seafood hygiene practices, and safeguard the health of marine ecosystems.