남근중심적 신화의 전복: 존 던과 사포 - 「사포가 필래니스에게」를 중심으로
The Subversion of Phallocentric Myth in John Donne's "Sapho to Philaenis"
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Abstract
This study explores John Donne's attitude to lesbianism, focusing mainly on "Sapho to Philaenis". Recent studies point out that the poem masters the lesbian eroticism by ventriloquizing the male author's voice and subordinating it to a patriarchal scheme. However, I argue that Donne critiques heterosexuality inherent in English patriarchy and that he constructs a detailed argument for the superiority of lesbian love.Sapho was a noted bisexual poet whom Plato hailed as 'The Tenth Muse', but she was transformed by Ovid into the archetypal abandoned woman, and her homosexuality was erased. Donne departs from the Ovidian model, however, and alters his source to represent the female body and desire which challenge the lesbian sexuality constructed through literary exchanges between men. Donne shows Sapho and Philaenis to have a relationship which is essentially non-hierarchical and unrelated to marriage and motherhood. In this they both refuse to become the object and property to be exchanged between father and husband. In addition, Donne interrogates the gender hierarchies of patriarchy by representing how Sapho, as a subject, inverts and transcends gender differences.Through this Donne exposes the fictitious nature of patriarchal discourses of heterosexuality and rejects and subverts the largely male-authored discourses on lesbianism that continue to privilege the phallus as the primary sexual signifier.
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