가시광 통신에서 성능 저하 없는 보안 인코딩 연구
A Study on Secure Encoding for Visible Light Communication Without Performance Degradation
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초록
가시광 통신은 LED의 빠른 점멸을 통해 데이터를 보내는 통신 방법이며, 조명이 영향을 미치는 범위가 넓어 도청에 취약하다. IEEE 표준 802.15.7에서는 가시광 통신을 위해 OOK(On-Off Keying), VPPM(Variable Pulse Position Modulation), CSK(Color Shift Keying)를 모듈레이션을 정의한다. 이 논문에서는 VPPM을 사용한 통신에서 보안을 위한 물리계층 암호화를 제안한다. VPPM은 4B6B를 사용하여 메시지를 인코딩하는데 16개의출력을 6-bit를 사용해 표현한다. 제안하는 인코딩은 4B6B의 생성조건을 위배하지 않으며 복잡도를 높이기 위해 20개의 출력으로 확장한다. 그리고확장된 4B6B 테이블의 각 출력을 vigenère cipher를 이용하여 암호화한다. 도청자가 암호화된 각 6-bit 데이터를 복호화할 확률은 이다. 따라서키의 개수가 n일 때 도청자는 메시지를 복호화하기 위해 최대 만큼 전수조사해야 한다. PHY II의 OOK와 PHYIII의 CSK에서도 입력과출력을 관리하는 테이블을 사용하기 때문에 제안하는 방식을 적용할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 OOK와 CSK방식에서도 성능 저하 없이 사용할 수있는 보안 인코딩에 대해 논의한다.
Abstract
Visible light communication (VLC) is a method of transmitting data through LED blinking and is vulnerable to eavesdropping becausethe illumination affects the wide range of area. IEEE standard 802.15.7 defines On-Off Keying (OOK), Variable Pulse Position Modulation(VPPM), and Color Shift Keying (CSK) as modulation. In this paper, we propose an encryption method in VPPM for secure communication. The VPPM uses an encoding method called 4B6B where 16 different outputs are represented with 6-bit. This paper extends the numberof outputs to 20, to add complexity while not violating the 4B6B generation conditions. Then each entry in the extended 4B6B tableis scrambled using vigenère cipher. The probability of decrypting each 6-bit data is . Eavesdropper should perform numberof different trials to decrypt the message if the number of keys is n. The proposed method can be applied to OOK of PHY II and CSKof PHY III. We further discuss the secure encoding that can be used in OOK and CSK without performance degradation.
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