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얼굴에 분포하는 얕은동맥의 국소해부학

Topography of Superficial Arteries on the Face

김희진|허경석|이상희|이영일|최유진|이재기|이형진|양헌무
대한체질인류학회|2013.12|해부·생물인류학 (Anatomy & Biological Anthropology)|제26권 제4호|pp. 131-140|DOI 10.11637/aba.2013.26.4.131

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참고문헌

키워드

Facial artery얼굴동맥아래입술동맥위입술동맥Inferior labial arterySuperior labial artery눈구석동맥Angular artery
주제분류해부학

초록

얼굴에 분포하는 얕은동맥은 바깥목동맥의 가지인 얼굴동맥(facial artery), 얕은관자동맥(superficial temporal artery)과 눈동맥(ophthalmic artery)의 가지인 눈확위동맥(supraorbital artery), 도르래위동맥(supratrochlear artery), 도르래아래동맥(infratrochlear artery)이 있다. 얼굴동맥은 턱뼈각앞패임을 감고 올라와 눈구석까지 얼굴의 위안쪽을 향해 주행하며 아래 및 위입술과 코에 분포한다고 알려져 있지만, 이전의 많은 해부학 연구에서는4~68%에서만 눈구석까지 도달하며 마지막 가지가 도달하는 위치는 개인에 따라 다양하다고 보고되었다. 또한한국인의 얼굴동맥은 54.5%에서만 오른쪽과 왼쪽 얼굴에 분포하는 양상이 같다고 보고되었다. 얼굴동맥의 가지인 아래입술동맥(inferior labial artery)은 턱끝으로 수직 및 수평으로 주행하는 가지를 내며, 위입술동맥(superior labial artery)은 코중격으로 가는 얕은 및 깊은코중격가지(superficial and deep septal artery)를 낸다. 한국인의 대부분은 위입술동맥이 나뉜 후, 코로 가는 가지들이 나오는데 이들 중 가쪽코동맥(lateral nasal artery)과 콧등동맥(dorsal nasal artery)은 코끝의 혈액 공급에 주된 역할을 하며, 이들의 손상 시 코끝의 조직 괴사가 일어날 수있다. 이마 및 미간 부위는 눈동맥의 가지들이 분포하며 이들은 서로 문합을 형성할 뿐 아니라 얼굴동맥의 눈구석동맥과도 연결되는 경우가 많다. 피판 형성을 통한 얼굴의 재건술 뿐만 아니라 보톡스 및 필러 주입과 같은비침습적(non-invasive) 치료에서도 얼굴의 얕은동맥 주행과 분포는 중요하다. 얼굴의 얕은동맥은 기존의 교과서의 일반적인 기술보다 다양하고 복잡하므로 보다 자세하고 정확한 해부학적 연구가 필요하다.

Abstract

The facial artery (FA) and superficial temporal artery (STA) from the external carotid artery and the supraorbital, supra- and infratrochlear arteries from the internal carotid artery are the superficial arteries distributing to the face. It was broadly known that the FA winds on the antegonial notch, ascends superomedially and finally reaches to the medial canthus area as forming the angular artery (AA). However many previous studies reported that the AA was only observed in 4~68% in their studies. The superior labial artery (SLA) from the FA issues the superficial and deep septal artery proceeding superiorly toward the nasal septum. It was reported that the nasal branches were ramified from the FA, after the bifurcation of the SLA in most Korean cadavers, and it seems that the lateral nasal and dorsal nasal arteries are crucial vasculature of the external nose. The branches of the ophthalmic artery distribute the glabellar and forehead, and they form anastomoses each other or are communicated to the AA. The topography of the superficial arteries of face is very important in the reconstructive surgery and non-invasive treatment such as the botulinum neurotoxin type A or dermal filler injection.

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