스펜더가 김기림의 모더니즘에 끼친 영향 연구

Abstract

Joon-Hwan KimPrevious studies of the influence of Anglo-American modernist poetry on Korean modernist poetry have foregrounded T. S. Eliot’s influence on Ki-Rim Kim but ignored Stephen Spender’s. Unlike the previous studies, this paper argues that Spender had much influence on Kim in the making of Korean modernist poetry and poetics in the colonial context. From 1934 to 1950 Kim consistently referred to Spender along with W. H. Auden and C. Day Lewis as possible alternatives to Eliot. Though different in politico-historical contexts, Spender and Kim shared some critiques of Eliot in that they accepted Eliot’s revolutionary poetry and poetics but rejected his conservative or even reactionary politics. The first part of this paper examines Spender’s reading of Eliot and the historical significance of the Auden-generation poets’ literary movements expressed in New Signature, New Country, and New Writing. The second part traces Kim’s reading of Spender and Eliot from 1930s to 1950s and his changing attitudes toward Spender, revealing that Kim strategically adopted some of Spender’s anti-fascist or anti-totalitarian and liberalist-socialist readings of Eliot in the colonial context.