Relationship between adhering to dietary guidelines and the risk of obesity in Korean children
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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Dietary guidelines for Korean children were released in 2009. The goal of the present study wasto examine diet quality in terms of adherence to these dietary guidelines as well as explore the association between guidelineadherence and risk of obesity in Korean children. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Children aged 5-11 years (mean age = 8.9 years old, n = 191, 80.6% girls) were recruited from a universityhospital in Seoul, Korea. Adherence to dietary guidelines for Korean children was calculated using the Likert scale (1-5), andchildren were then categorized into low, moderate, and high groups based on adherence scores. Obesity or being overweightwas determined based on an age- and gender- specific percentile for body mass index (BMI) of the 2007 Korean NationalGrowth Charts. Diet quality was evaluated from 3 days of dietary intake data. RESULTS: Children in the high adherence group were characterized by significantly lower BMI percentiles and paternal BMIsas well as higher percentages of fathers with a high level of education and higher household incomes compared to thosein the low or moderate group. Children in the high adherence group consumed significantly higher amounts of milk anddairy products, were less likely to consume lower than the EAR of phosphorus and iron, and had higher NARs for calcium,phosphorus, iron, zinc, and MAR than those in low groups. The ORs for obesity (BMI ≥ 95th percentile) or being overweightincluding obesity (BMI ≥ 85th percentile) were significantly lower in the high adherence group compared to the low adherencegroup (OR: 0.33, 95% CI = 0.13-0.82, P for trend = 0.019; OR: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.11-0.61 P for trend = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Korean children who adhered to dietary guidelines displayed better diet quality and a reduced risk of obesity.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Dietary guidelines for Korean children were released in 2009. The goal of the present study wasto examine diet quality in terms of adherence to these dietary guidelines as well as explore the association between guidelineadherence and risk of obesity in Korean children. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Children aged 5-11 years (mean age = 8.9 years old, n = 191, 80.6% girls) were recruited from a universityhospital in Seoul, Korea. Adherence to dietary guidelines for Korean children was calculated using the Likert scale (1-5), andchildren were then categorized into low, moderate, and high groups based on adherence scores. Obesity or being overweightwas determined based on an age- and gender- specific percentile for body mass index (BMI) of the 2007 Korean NationalGrowth Charts. Diet quality was evaluated from 3 days of dietary intake data. RESULTS: Children in the high adherence group were characterized by significantly lower BMI percentiles and paternal BMIsas well as higher percentages of fathers with a high level of education and higher household incomes compared to thosein the low or moderate group. Children in the high adherence group consumed significantly higher amounts of milk anddairy products, were less likely to consume lower than the EAR of phosphorus and iron, and had higher NARs for calcium,phosphorus, iron, zinc, and MAR than those in low groups. The ORs for obesity (BMI ≥ 95th percentile) or being overweightincluding obesity (BMI ≥ 85th percentile) were significantly lower in the high adherence group compared to the low adherencegroup (OR: 0.33, 95% CI = 0.13-0.82, P for trend = 0.019; OR: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.11-0.61 P for trend = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Korean children who adhered to dietary guidelines displayed better diet quality and a reduced risk of obesity.
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