고려시대 운문사 창건연기의 변천과 역사적 의의

Abstract

According to Wonkwang Bopsa Chon(「圓光法師傳」) written by Kim Chok-myong(金陟明), Unmun Temple(雲門寺) was founded by Buddhist monk Wonkwang Bopsa(圓光法師) at the request of a King Dragon(海龍, which lives of Yellow sea) that the monk build a temple and pray for him. The temple was named Unmun Temple by the monk. Hak Il(學一), a national priest during King Injong(仁宗)'s reign, went into and stayed at Unmun Temple. He refused Uicheon(義天)'s recommendation to convert to Tiantai Buddhism and remained faithful to Zen Buddhism to the end of his life. According to Gunjung Gojeok Bibogi(『郡中古籍裨補記』) published by local gentry in Cheongdogun(淸道郡) in 1161, Unmun Temple was build by Boyang Sonsa(寶壤禪師) at the recommendation of a King Dragon that a temple be built in Chakgap(鵲岬) for the emergence of a wise king who protects Buddhism and unifies Later Three Kingdoms. Boyang Sonsa named the Chakgap Temple(鵲岬寺). The name Unmun Temple was granted by King Taejo(Wang kon). This indicates that the founder of Unmun Temple is non-Zen Buddhism monk Wonkwang Bopsa but Zen Buddhism monk Boyang Sonsa. Ilyon(一然), the Buddhist monk appointed as the head priest of Unmun Temple in 1277, read books and documents on Unmun Temple and found out there was something wrong with the book by Kim Chok-myong. According to Ilyon, Kim's book was based on "Wonkwang chon" in Gobon Sui Chon(『古本殊異傳』), which did not say Wonkwang established Unmun Temple. Furthermore, official documents written by Cheongdogun in the early of Koryo period confirmed that Boyang Sonsa served as the head priest of Unmun Temple. Kim Chok-myong's book, therefore, was not in line with the historical fact. Ilyon also criticized Gakhun(覺訓) for accepting Kim's work as true without investigation. Ilyon's position as Zen monk is considered to contributed to this, too. In this respect, the difference in the founder and caused of foundation for Unmun Temple seems to have been originated by competition among denominations within Buddhism.