칠레 코이아이께 지역에서 건강 관련 환경 지표를 활용한 초미세먼지 특성 연구
A study on the characteristics of PM2.5 using environmental indicators in Coyhaique, Chile
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본 연구의 목적은 칠레 남부지역에 위치한 코이아이께 지역에서 세 가지 환경지표인 환경기준, 예보제 그리고 대기환경지수(AQI)를 적용하여 초미세먼지의 특성을 평가하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 코이아이께 지역의 2013년 9월부터 2022년 12월까지 시간 단위로 측정한 초미세먼지 자료와 2017년 1월부터 2022년 12월까지 칠레 기상청에서 제공하는 기상자료(풍속, 풍향, 습도, 기온, 강수량) 자료를 분석하였다. 24시간 환경기준 초과 사례와 예보 수준의 고농도 사례 그리고 대기환경지수의 악화는 강수량이 적고, 풍속이 약하고, 기온이 낮은 겨울철(6월~8월)에 바이오매스 사용으로 가장 많이 발생하였다. 분석 기간 동안 초미세먼지는 통계적으로 유의미하게 감소하였지만, 대기환경지수의 가장 높은 단계인 위험에 해당하는 고농도 초미세먼지의 경우는 유의미한 변화는 없었다. 연평균 초미세먼지도 칠레 정부와 세계보건기구의 환경기준을 2.4배와 9.8배 초과하였다. 이 지역에서 평가된 비정상적인 환경지표는 겨울철 난방용 바이오매스 사용을 저감할 수 있는 시급한 정책의 필요성을 의미한다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the characteristics of fine particulate matter(PM2.5) in the Coyhaique region of southern Chile using three environmental indicators(Environmental standards, Air quality forecasting systems, and the Air Quality Index). Hourly PM2.5 data measured from September 2013 to December 2022 and meteorological data (wind speed, wind direction, humidity, temperature, precipitation) provided by the Chilean Meteorological Service from January 2017 to December 2022 were analyzed. High PM2.5 concentrations exceeding the 24-hour environmental standards, forecast levels, and deterioration of AQI occurred most frequently during the winter season (June to August), when biomass burning was most prevalent, especially under conditions of low precipitation, slow winds, and low temperatures. PM2.5 concentrations decreased statistically over the analysis period, but there was no significant change in high-concentration PM2.5 levels corresponding to the hazardous level on the AQI scale. The annual average PM2.5 concentration exceeded the environmental standards set by the Chilean government and the World Health Organization by 2.4 and 9.8 times, respectively. The abnormal environmental indicators evaluated in this region indicate an urgent need for policies to reduce the use of biomass burning for heating during the winter season.
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