모음 공간의 크기 및 모음 변화에 대한 화자 성별의 효과: 한국어의 경우
Effects of Speaker Gender on Vowel Space Size and Vowel Changes in Korean.
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초록
This study explores whether there is a gender difference in vowel space size and vowel changes in Korean. Nine male and nine female speakers of Seoul Korean read [CVt](C = [p, t], V = [i, e, ɛ, ɯ, ʌ, a, u, o]) in a carrier sentence. Female speakers demonstrated larger vowel spaces than male speakers as measured on the Hertz, Bark, and normalized Bark scales. Both male and female speakers displayed an overall raising of vowels compared to Yang (1996). The gender difference in F1 values was larger in the low vowel [a] than in high vowels, and the gender difference in F2 was larger in front vowels than in back vowels. Due to the fronting of [u] and the backing of [ɯ], the overlap in F2 between [ɯ] and [u] was considerable both in male and female speech. Due to the raising of [o], the overlap in F1 between [u] and [o] was also considerable. The merging of the vowels [e] and [ɛ] in Seoul Korean has been completed. Finally, there were indications that female speakers are leading changes in the vowel system of contemporary Seoul Korean as posited by Labov (1990).
Abstract
This study explores whether there is a gender difference in vowel space size and vowel changes in Korean. Nine male and nine female speakers of Seoul Korean read [CVt](C = [p, t], V = [i, e, ɛ, ɯ, ʌ, a, u, o]) in a carrier sentence. Female speakers demonstrated larger vowel spaces than male speakers as measured on the Hertz, Bark, and normalized Bark scales. Both male and female speakers displayed an overall raising of vowels compared to Yang (1996). The gender difference in F1 values was larger in the low vowel [a] than in high vowels, and the gender difference in F2 was larger in front vowels than in back vowels. Due to the fronting of [u] and the backing of [ɯ], the overlap in F2 between [ɯ] and [u] was considerable both in male and female speech. Due to the raising of [o], the overlap in F1 between [u] and [o] was also considerable. The merging of the vowels [e] and [ɛ] in Seoul Korean has been completed. Finally, there were indications that female speakers are leading changes in the vowel system of contemporary Seoul Korean as posited by Labov (1990).
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