선박의 해양 부식과 부식방지 장치
Apparatus on corrosion protection and marine corrosion of ship
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초록
선박과 해양구조물은 가혹한 해양환경에 노출되어 있어 유지 및 보수 비용은 산업적, 경제적 측면에서 그 중요성이 날로 증가하고 있다. 해양환경에서 금속과 여러 합금의 주 부식 현상은 염소이온의 영향으로 공식부식, 응력부식균열, 틈부식, 피로부식, 캐비테이션-침식 등 대단히 심각하다. 이러한 부식을 방지하기 위해서는 크게 양극방식과 음극방식 2가지로 나뉜다. 양극방식은 해양환경하에서 부동태 특성을 갖는 금속에 제한된 반면, 음극방식법은 희생양극법과 외부전원법을 적용할 수 있다. 알루미늄과 아연합금을 사용하는 희생양극법은 해수내에 사용되는 해양구조물이나 선박에 널리 사용된다. 그러나 수소가스 발생에 기인한 수소취화가 문제를 유발하기도 한다. 그러므로 가혹한 해양환경하에서 선박의 다양한 방식장비의 작동과 적정한 유지관리는 대단히 중요하다.
Abstract
Ships and offshore structures are exposed to harsh marine environments, and maintenance and repair are becoming increasingly important to the industry and the economy. The major corrosion phenomenons of metals and alloys in marine environment are pitting corrosion, stress corrosion cracking, crevice corrosion, fatigue corrosion, cavitation-erosion and etc. due to the effect of chloride ions and is quite serious. Methods of protection against corrosion can generally be divided into two groups: anodic protection and cathodic protection. Anodic protection is limited to the passivity characteristics of a material in its environment, while cathodic protection can apply methods such as sacrificial anode cathodic protection and impressed current cathodic protection. Sacrificial anode methods using Al and Zn alloys are widely used for marine structures and vessels intended for use in seawater. Impressed current cathodic protection methods are also widely used in marine environments, but tend to generate problems related to hydrogen embrittlement caused by hydrogen gas generation. Therefore, it is important to the proper maintenance and operation of the various corrosion protection systems for ship in the harsh marine environment.
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