본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

The Economics of Railways Restructuring in South Korea

최성희|러셀 피트먼
한국교통연구원 (The Korea Transport Institute)|2014.06|교통연구 (Journal of Transport Research)|제21권 제2호|pp. 75-104|DOI 10.34143/jtr.2014.21.2.75

2

조회

0

다운로드

0

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

경쟁한국South Korea철도녹색성장competitiongreen growth구조조정restructuringrailways

초록

South Korea, like many countries, is engaged in a policy debate concerning possible railways reforms, inspired in part by perceived inefficiencies of the incumbent monopolist and in part by the potential of traffic diversion from road to rail to result in significant reductions in the use of energy and the generation of greenhouse gases. However, unlike most countries, here the focus of rail reform discussion has been the government’s proposal to open high-speed passenger train lines to a second train operator. While such a policy may indeed lead to lower fares and greater efficiency, the world experience suggests that it is doubtful that it would lead to such dramatic increases in ridership that the level of subsidies to the overall rail system could be reduced, as the government hopes. We argue that a more promising reform strategy may be to introduce competition into freight rail. A competitive freight rail sector would likely be more successful in taking container traffic off the crowded Seoul-Busan highway than the monopoly Korail has been, and thus in furthering the government’s policy of reducing the carbon-intensity of the economy. Moreover, based on the Latin American experience, creating independent, vertically integrated, competing freight railway companies could be expected not only to lower shipper rates and increase efficiency but also to raise considerable revenues from the private sector in franchising fees and new investments.

Abstract

South Korea, like many countries, is engaged in a policy debate concerning possible railways reforms, inspired in part by perceived inefficiencies of the incumbent monopolist and in part by the potential of traffic diversion from road to rail to result in significant reductions in the use of energy and the generation of greenhouse gases. However, unlike most countries, here the focus of rail reform discussion has been the government’s proposal to open high-speed passenger train lines to a second train operator. While such a policy may indeed lead to lower fares and greater efficiency, the world experience suggests that it is doubtful that it would lead to such dramatic increases in ridership that the level of subsidies to the overall rail system could be reduced, as the government hopes. We argue that a more promising reform strategy may be to introduce competition into freight rail. A competitive freight rail sector would likely be more successful in taking container traffic off the crowded Seoul-Busan highway than the monopoly Korail has been, and thus in furthering the government’s policy of reducing the carbon-intensity of the economy. Moreover, based on the Latin American experience, creating independent, vertically integrated, competing freight railway companies could be expected not only to lower shipper rates and increase efficiency but also to raise considerable revenues from the private sector in franchising fees and new investments.

참고문헌 (80)

  1. Ahn, Seung B., "Increasing the Freight Transport Capacity on the Existing Seoul-Busan Rail Line Through Construction of the Gyeongbu High-Speed Rail", Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, 5, pp.339~351 (2003)
  2. Brennan, Timothy J., "Why Regulated Firms Should Be Kept Out of Unregulated Markets: Understanding the Divestiture in United States V. AT&T", Antitrust Bulletin, 32, pp.741~793 (1987)
  3. Rail Infrastructure Pricing: Principles and Practice, "BTRE", Bureau of Transport and Regional Economics, ~, pp.Report 109 (2003)
  4. Campos, J., "Lessons from railway reforms in Brazil and Mexico", Transport Policy, 8, pp.85~95 (2001)
  5. Chadwick, Edwin, "Results of Different Principles of Legislation in Europe: Of Competition for the Field as Compared with Competition within the Field of Service", Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, A22, pp.381~420 (1859)
  6. Chae, Chandle, "Analysis of the Use of Freight Transportation Networks and Its Implications", KOTI World Brief, 3(33) (2012), Korea Transport Institute
  7. High Speed Rail Construction of Korea and its Impact, Special Report, "Cho, Nam-Geon", Korea Researh Institute for Human Settlements, ~ (2008)
  8. Couto, Antonio, "The determinants of efficiency and productivity in European railways", Applied Economics, 41, pp.2827~2851 (2009)
  9. New Entry in the Italian High-Speed Market, "Croccolo, Fabio", International Transport Forum, ~, pp.Discussion Paper No. 2013-29 (2013)
  10. Performance in France: From Appraisal Methodologies to Ex-post Evaluation, "Crozet, Yves", International Transport Forum, ~, pp.Discussion Paper No. 2013-26 (2013)
  11. Beyond the quiet life of a natural monopoly: Regulatory challenges ahead for Europe’s rail sector, "Crozet, Yves", Centre on Regulation in Europe, ~ (2012)
  12. Demsetz, Harold, "Why Regulate Utilities?", Journal of Law and Economics, 11, pp.55~65 (1968)
  13. Implementation of EU legislation on rail liberalization in Belgium, France, Germany and The Netherlands, "Deville, Xavier", National Bank of Belgium, ~, pp.Working Paper No. 221 (2012)
  14. De Bari, Francescalberto, "Incentives for new investments in concessions:proposals from the Italian Seaports outlook", Network Industries Quarterly, 15, pp.10~12 (2013)
  15. ECMT, "Regulatory Reform of Railways in Russia" (2004), European Conference of Ministers of Transport and OECD
  16. ECMT, "Railway Reform & Charges for the Use of Infrastructure" (2005), European Conference of Ministers of Transport and OECD
  17. Eichengreen, Barry, "From Miracle to Maturity: The Growth of the Korean Economy" (2012), Harvard University Press
  18. Estache, Antonio, "Privatization and Regulatory Reform in Brazil: The Case of Freight Railways", Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, 1, pp.203~235 (2001)
  19. The Economics of Rail Privatisation, "Foster, Sir Christopher", Centre for the Study of Regulated Industries, ~, pp.Discussion Paper 7 (1994)
  20. Friebel, Guido, "Railway (De)Regulation: A European Efficiency Comparison", Economica, 77, pp.77~91 (2010)
  21. Garcia de Alba, Pascual, "Competition Issues in the Privatization of the Mexican Railroads", Presented at the Seminar on Railway Reform, Restructuring and Competition (2000), OECD and Russian Ministry for Antimonopoly Policy
  22. Givoni, Moshe, "A Review of Ex-Post Evidence for Mode Substitution and Induced Demand Following the Introduction of High-Speed Ra", Transport Reviews, 33, pp.720~742 (2013)
  23. Gómez-Ibáñez, José, "Competition in the Railway Industry: An InternationalComparative Analysis" (2006), Edward Elgar
  24. Growitsch, Christian, "Testing for Economies of Scope in European Railways: An Efficiency Analysis", Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, 43, pp.1~24 (2009)
  25. Haase, Dagmar, "New train path pricing system at Deutsche Bahn", DB Netz, ~ (2001)
  26. Public service obligations and competition, Final Report, "Harker, Michael", Centre on Regulation in Europe, ~ (2013)
  27. ITF, "Charges for the Use of Rail Infrastructure 2008" (2008), International Transport Forum and OECD
  28. ITF, "Integration and Competition between Transport and Logistics Businesses" (2010), International Transport Forum and OECD
  29. Subadditivity tests for network separation with an application to U.S. railroads, "Ivaldi, Marc", Centre for Economic Policy Research, ~, pp.CEPR discussion paper 4392 (2004)
  30. Kim, Chun-Hwan, "Transportation Revolution: The Korean High-speed Railway", Japan Railway & Transport Review, 40, pp.8~13 (2005)
  31. The KTX Privatization: Unrealistic Plan, "Kim, SungHee", Korean Social Welfare Trends, ~ (2012)
  32. Knieps, Günter, "Competition and the Railroads: A European Perspective", Journal of Competition Law and Economics, 9 (2013)
  33. Kogan, Jorge, "Latin America: Competition for concessions" (2006)
  34. Economic Growth and Transport Models in Korea, KOTI Knowledge Sharing Report Issue 02, Korea’s Best Practices in the Transport Sector, "KOTI", Korea Transport Institute, ~ (2012)
  35. Construction of High Speed Rail in Korea, "KOTI", Korea Transport Institute, ~ (2012)
  36. Krueger, Anne O., "Struggling with Success: Challenges Facing the International Economy" (2012), World Scientific Publishing
  37. Laffont, Jean-Jacques, "Competition in Telecommunications" (2000), MIT Press
  38. Does Supporting Passenger Railways Reduce Road Traffic Externalities?, "Lalive, Rafael", University of Zurich, ~ (2013)
  39. Lee, Jaehoon, "Building a Foundation for Rail-centered Land and Transport Development in the Era of Green Growth", KOTI World Brief, 3(23) (2011), Korea Transport Institute
  40. Lee, Yong Sang, "The Current State of Railways in Korea and Reform Trends", Japan Railway and Transport Review, 37, pp.35~41 (2004)
  41. Merkert, Rico, "The Measurement of Transaction Costs — Evidence from European Railways", Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, 46, pp.349~365 (2012)
  42. Mizutani, Fumitoshi, "Does vertical separation reduce cost? An empirical analysis of the rail industry in European and East Asian OECD countries", Journal of Regulatory Economics, 43, pp.31~59 (2013)
  43. Mun, Jin Su, "Government’s Supports are Essential for Ensuring Increased Use of Rail for Freight Transportation", KOTI World Brief, 2(16) (2010), Korea Transport Institute
  44. Nash, Chris, "Competition in Rail Passenger Services", Slide presentation (2011), Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds
  45. When to Invest in High-Speed Rail, "Nash, Chris", International Transport Forum, ~, pp.Discussion Paper No. 2013-25 (2013)
  46. Nash Chris, "Comparing Three Models for Introduction of Competition into Railways", Journal of Transport Economics And Policy, 47, pp.191~206 (2013)
  47. Structural Reform in the Rail Industry, Paris:Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, "OECD", ~, pp.DAF (2005), COMP(2005)46
  48. Moderation of Competition: Final Conclusions, "ORR", Office of the Rail Regulator, ~ (2004)
  49. Pittman, Russell, "Railroads and Competition: The Santa Fe", Southern Pacific Merger Proposal, 1990, pp.34, 25~46
  50. Pittman, Russell, "Vertical Restructuring (or Not) of the Infrastructure Sectors of Transition Economies", Journal of Industry Competition and Trade, 3, pp.5~26 (2003)
  51. Pittman, Russell, "Russian Railways Reform and the Problem of Non-Discriminatory Access to Infrastructure", Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, 75, pp.167~192 (2004)
  52. Pittman, Russell, "Structural separation to create competition? The case of freight railways", Review of Network Economics, 4, pp.181~196 (2005)
  53. Pittman, Russell, "Railroad Economics (Research in Transportation Economics, v. 20)" (2007), Elsevier
  54. Pittman, Russell, "Make or buy on the Russian railway? Coase, Williamson, and Tsar Nicholas II", Economic Change and Restructuring, 40, pp.207~221 (2007)
  55. Pittman, Russell, "Competition issues in restructuring ports and railways, including brief consideration of these sectors in India", International Journal of Regulation and Governance, 9, pp.121~146 (2009)
  56. Pittman, Russell, "Against the Stand-Alone-Cost Test in U.S. Freight Rail Regulation", Journal of Regulatory Economics, 38, pp.313~326 (2010)
  57. 김병연, "The Oxford Handbook of the Russian Economy" (2013), Oxford University Press
  58. Which direction for South Korean electricity policy?, Working paper, "Pittman, Russell", New Economic School, ~ (2014)
  59. Pittman Russell, "Competition in Freight Railways: ‘Above-the-Rail’ Operators in Central Europe and Russia", Journal of Competition Law and Economics, 3, pp.673~687 (2007)
  60. The Franchising and Re-franchising of Passenger Rail Services in Britain, "Preston, John", 1~9, pp.Transportation Research Record 1742 (2001)
  61. Competition for Long Distance Passenger Rail Services: The Emerging Evidence, "Preston, John", OECD and International Transport Forum Joint Transport Research Centre, ~, pp.Discussion Paper 2009-23 (2009)
  62. Beyond the quiet life of a natural monopoly:Regulatory challenges ahead for Europe’s rail sector, "Preston, John", Centre on Regulation in Europe, ~, pp.Issue paper #2 (2012)
  63. Preston John, "Evaluating the long term impacts of transport policy: The case of passenger rail privatization", Research in Transportation Economics, 39, pp.14~20 (2013)
  64. Ro, Jaebong, "Infrastructure Development in Korea", paper prepared for The PEO Structure Specialists Meeting, Infrastructure Development in the Pacific Region (2002)
  65. Rodrik, Dani, "One Economics, Many Recipes: Globalization, Institutions, and Economic Growth" (2007), Princeton University Press
  66. Roh, Hong Seung, "A Scheme to Build an Automated Container Transport System (AutoCon) Between Seoul and Busan", KOTI World Brief, 3(31) (2011), Korea Transport Institute
  67. RSPP, "Evaluation of Most Feasible Infrastructure and Transportation Operations Integration Model in the Frame of Destination Freight Transportation Services Market Model Implementation Until 2015", Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs, Transport and Transport Infrastructure Committee, conference proceedings (2013)
  68. Vertical and Horizontal Separation in the European Railway Sector: Effects on Productivity, "Sánchez Pedro Cantos", Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Económicas, ~, pp.working paper no. 12 (2008)
  69. Productivity and Deregulation in European Railways, "Sánchez Pedro Cantos", Fundación BBVA, ~, pp.documentos de trabajo 16 (2012)
  70. Sánchez-Borràs Marta, "Rail Infrastructure Charging Systems for High-Speed Lines in Europe", Transport Reviews, 31, pp.49~68 (2011)
  71. Sánchez-Borràs Marta, "Rail access charges and the competitiveness of high speed trains", Transport Policy, 17, pp.102~109 (2010)
  72. Shibasaki Ryuichi, "A comparison of semi-trailer transport of international maritime container cargo in Japan and South Korea, and its implications", Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2, pp.6118~6129 (2010)
  73. Recent Experience of and Prospects for High-Speed Rail in Korea: Implications of a Transport System and Regional Development from a Global Perspective, "Shin, Dong-Chun", Institute of Urban and Regional Development, University of California, ~, pp.working paper 2005-02 (2005)
  74. Simmons Jack, "The Oxford Companion to British Railway History" (1997), Oxford University Press
  75. Suh, Sunduck, "Effects of Korean Train Express (KTX) Operation on the National Transport System", Proceedings of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, 5, pp.175~189 (2005)
  76. Liberalization and Commercialization of the World’s Railways: Progress and Regulatory Issues, "Thompson, Louis S.", International Transport Forum, ~, pp.Forum paper 2009-6 (2009)
  77. Perspectives on Linking the Trans-Siberian and Trans-Korean Railways, "Tsuji, Hisako", ERINA, 33~41, pp.Report 56 (2004)
  78. Tsuji, Hisako, "Competitive Advantages and Disadvantages of Trans-Siberian Railway Route - Case study of Korea and Japan", International Journal of Railway, 6, pp.139~147 (2013)
  79. Van de Velde, D., "EVES-Rail:Economic Effects of Vertical Separation in the Railway Sector" (2012), Community of European Railways and Infrastructure Companies
  80. Villa, Juan Carlos, "Privatization of Mexican railroads: Fifteen years later", Research in Transportation Business & Management, 6, pp.45~50 (2013)

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (7건)

대도시권 간선교통축의 통행비용을 활용한 대중교통 서비스의 중요도 분석김철한, 안우영, 박선영, 최리라pp. 1-12중앙버스전용차로 횡단보도 보행안전 확보방안 연구 - 무단횡단 억제시설 설치를 중심으로 -김준용, 이동일, 배현식, 김진태pp. 13-26도시부 상업지역 내 신호교차로의 효율적 좌회전처리를 위한 근측 버스정류시설 설치방법에 관한 연구최은진, 김응철, 양재호pp. 27-39CVM을 이용한 교통사고의 심리적 비용 산정이성준, 유정복pp. 41-55항공영어구술능력증명시험과 항공안전 연구이기일pp. 57-74
원문 보기