금장 칸국 초기 역사에 관한 16-17세기 차가타이어 사료 기록 탐구 ― 역사적 정당성 부여 방식을 중심으로 ―
A Survey on 16-17th century Chagatay Sources on the Early History of the Golden Horde: With the Focus on the Mechanism of Legitimation within the Ulus
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This paper addresses several issues on the early history of the Gold Horde by analyzing the two Chagatay sources, Ötemish Ḥājjī’s Chingiz Nāma and Abū’l Ghāzī Bahādur Khān’s Shajara-yi Turk, both of which were created in Khwarazm, where the descendants of Chinggis Khan’s eldest son Jöchi established their rule in the early sixteenth century. Written in Chagatay, the Turkic literary language having been used extensively in Central Eurasia, the sources indicate that Chinggis Khan’s first son Jöchi’s name was transcribed inconsistently, suggesting that Jöchi, who was eponymous of Jöchi Ulus and thus the original founder of the Golden Horde, actually did not receive much attention by the constituents of the polity. This is corroborated by the historically inaccurate accounts of those sources on the circumstances in which Jöchi died place even though the narrators of the sources wanted to portray Jöchi as loyal and beloved son of Chinggis Khan. On the other hand, both the sources made efforts to praise Batu’s position as the leader of the Gold Horde. Although Batu’s elder brother Orda was acclaimed as the owner of his father’s ordu, Batu’s status was depicted as approved with sanction given by Chinggis Khan himself. Accordingly, the Chagatay sources, which was shaped primarily on the basis of oral traditions, reveal the mechanism of legitimation for the early history of the Golden Horde.
Abstract
This paper addresses several issues on the early history of the Gold Horde by analyzing the two Chagatay sources, Ötemish Ḥājjī’s Chingiz Nāma and Abū’l Ghāzī Bahādur Khān’s Shajara-yi Turk, both of which were created in Khwarazm, where the descendants of Chinggis Khan’s eldest son Jöchi established their rule in the early sixteenth century. Written in Chagatay, the Turkic literary language having been used extensively in Central Eurasia, the sources indicate that Chinggis Khan’s first son Jöchi’s name was transcribed inconsistently, suggesting that Jöchi, who was eponymous of Jöchi Ulus and thus the original founder of the Golden Horde, actually did not receive much attention by the constituents of the polity. This is corroborated by the historically inaccurate accounts of those sources on the circumstances in which Jöchi died place even though the narrators of the sources wanted to portray Jöchi as loyal and beloved son of Chinggis Khan. On the other hand, both the sources made efforts to praise Batu’s position as the leader of the Gold Horde. Although Batu’s elder brother Orda was acclaimed as the owner of his father’s ordu, Batu’s status was depicted as approved with sanction given by Chinggis Khan himself. Accordingly, the Chagatay sources, which was shaped primarily on the basis of oral traditions, reveal the mechanism of legitimation for the early history of the Golden Horde.
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