태양광 패널 주위 유동의 대와류모사(LES)
Large Eddy Simulation of Wind Flow around Solar Panels
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초록
태양광 패널의 최적 경사각은 한국의 경우 위도 범위인 30∼40도로 상당히 크기 때문에 패널을 지나가는 바람은 필연적으로유동박리가 수반된다. 본 연구에서는 유동박리가 수반되는 대기유동장 해석시 난류강도 모델링이 우수한 대와류모사(LES)를 이용하여 풍동실험용 축소모형 및 실제규모 태양광 패널에 대한 수치해석을 수행하였다. 태양광 패널에 작용하는 풍하중이 최대가 되는 풍향인 0도와 180도에 대해 해석하고 압력계수를 실측자료와 비교하였다. 패널 경사면을 타고 올라가는 풍향 0도의 경우는 실측자료와LES로 예측한 압력계수가 잘 일치하였으나 반대로 패널에 부딪쳐 타고 내려가는 풍향 180도의 경우는 실측값과 상당한 차이가 있었다. 패널 위, 아래면의 압력계수의 차이로 정의되는 순압력계수를 산출하고 이를 건축구조기준의 독립된 편지붕의 최소 설계기준과 비교하였으며, 설계기준 범위 이내인 것을 확인하였다.
Abstract
The optimum inclination angle of a solar panel is approximately 30~40 degrees in Korea, which corresponds to Korea’s latitudinal position. With such a steep angle, flow separation is inevitable when wind flows over a solar panel. The present study carried out by Large Eddy Simulations (LES) provides a stable turbulence model for separated flow simulation, capable of accurately predicting pressure distribution for a scaled wind tunnel model and a full-scale solar panel. For one maximum wind load case, when the approaching wind direction is 0 degree, the predicted pressure coefficient distribution on the solar panel surface showed good agreement with the experimental data. However, for the other maximum wind load case, when the wind direction is 180 degrees, there were noticeable discrepancies between the LES and the experimental data. The net pressure coefficients, which are the difference between the upper and lower surface pressure coefficients, were evaluated and compared with Korea’s architectural structure regulations for a monoslope free roof, and it was confirmed that the estimated net pressure coefficients are within minimum design load conditions.
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