대학교육에서 학습분석 적용에 관한 탐색적 연구: 교수자의 관점을 중심으로
A study on the Use of Learning Analytics in Higher Education: Focusing on the perspective of professors
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초록
학습분석은 급변하는 교육환경에서 대학을 비롯한 각 교육 기관이 능동적으로 대처할 수 있는 유용한 도구이며 정보통신기술과 빅데이터 시대에 교육의 경쟁력을 높일 수 있는 방안으로 받아들여지고 있다. 그러나 전 세계적으로도 학습분석에 관한 연구는 아직 초기 단계 수준이며 특히, 한국의 경우에는 국내 교육 환경에서 학습분석이 달성하고자 하는 목표와 그에 따라 어떠한 데이터가 필요한지에 대한 논의가 부족한 상황이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 학습분석의 적용과 실천의 핵심 주체라고 할 수 있는 교수자의 관점에서 학습분석에 대한 이해도와 인식, 차세대 학습분석 기반 LMS에서 어떠한 데이터와 서비스 유형이 필요할 것인지에 대하여 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 수도권 소재 A대학교의 2014학년 2학기 2,389과목의 LMS 이용 현황을 조사하였고, 재직교수 144명에게 학습분석 기반 LMS에 필요한 데이터와 서비스 유형에 대하여 의견을 물어 보았다. 연구결과 교수들의 현재 LMS 사용행태는 강의자료 다운로드와 과제제출 기능에 극단적으로 치중되어 있었고, 상호작용을 촉진하는 팀프로젝트 게시판이나 토론게시판은 거의 사용되고 있지 않았다. 이를 통해 현재는 학습분석을 위한 기본적인 LMS상의 행동 데이터의 수집이 효과적으로 이루어지지 않고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 설문에 응답한 교수들은 학습분석이라는 개념에 대해서는 별로 인지하지 못하고 있으나, 학습분석에 대한 필요성이나 사용 의향성에서는 비교적 높은 수준의 동의를 보여주었다. 또한 교수들은 복잡한 알고리즘을 이용한 학습 성과 예측, 분석 서비스 보다는 데이터 시각화에 대한 요구 수준이 가장 높았다. 이 같은 연구 결과를 토대로 차세대 학습분석 기반 LMS 연구 및 적용에 관한 실천적 시사점을 제시하였다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to identify the professor's awareness of learning analytics and the attitude abut using of learning analytics in the higher education. For this, the present condition of the usage of LMS in 2,389 subjects of ‘A’ university was examined, and the opinions regarding the required data and types of services for learning analytics based LMS of 144 current professors were obtained. The results of this survey were that the current usage of LMS by professors was excessively focused on functions of downloading lecture material and submitting assignments, and there was almost no usage of the team project board and debate board meant for promoting interaction. From this, it can be seen that as of now the collection of basic LMS behavior data for learning analytics is not in an effective state. The professors that answered to the survey were not very aware of the concept of learning analytics but showed relatively high levels of acceptance towards the necessity and usage of learning analytics. Furthermore, the demand for the visualization of data rather than complicated algorithms used for the prediction of performance and analysis services were highest among professors. Based on the results of this research, practical suggestions were provided for the research and application of learning analytics based LMS of the next generation.
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