Would Lawrence Agree with Deleuze’s View of American Literature?: A Comparative Study of Their Critical Essays on Melville
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Gilles Deleuze often mentions D. H. Lawrence as his great precursor, especially when discussing American literature. In such essays as “On the Superiority of Anglo-American Literature” and “Bartleby; or, The Formula” he makes it apparent that Lawrence’s Studies in Classic American Literature has been his main source of inspiration in rethinking American literature. It remains, however, an important critical task to scrutinize how much common ground Lawrence and Deleuze have, or, in reverse, how serious their differences are when they talk about American literature, particularly Herman Melville’s works. This paper argues that these differences are significant, and reverberate throughout the whole itinerary of their “thought adventure.” It involves a comparative study of their essays on Melville and their basic concepts on American history and literature: Lawrence’s “escaped slaves” and “spirit of place” and Deleuze’s “line of flight” and “becoming.” The paper presents first, Deleuze’s view on Typee, though largely relying on Lawrence’s, diverge from the latter in deleting the part of the narrator Tommo’s getting away from the savages. Second, Lawrence views the “escaped slaves” as an indispensable concept in understanding American history, whereas there is nothing comparable in Deleuze. Third, their differences will be further revealed when imagining what Lawrence would say about Deleuze’s essay on “Bartleby, the Scrivener” and comparing their interpretations of Moby-Dick, focusing on the character of Ahab.
Abstract
Gilles Deleuze often mentions D. H. Lawrence as his great precursor, especially when discussing American literature. In such essays as “On the Superiority of Anglo-American Literature” and “Bartleby; or, The Formula” he makes it apparent that Lawrence’s Studies in Classic American Literature has been his main source of inspiration in rethinking American literature. It remains, however, an important critical task to scrutinize how much common ground Lawrence and Deleuze have, or, in reverse, how serious their differences are when they talk about American literature, particularly Herman Melville’s works. This paper argues that these differences are significant, and reverberate throughout the whole itinerary of their “thought adventure.” It involves a comparative study of their essays on Melville and their basic concepts on American history and literature: Lawrence’s “escaped slaves” and “spirit of place” and Deleuze’s “line of flight” and “becoming.” The paper presents first, Deleuze’s view on Typee, though largely relying on Lawrence’s, diverge from the latter in deleting the part of the narrator Tommo’s getting away from the savages. Second, Lawrence views the “escaped slaves” as an indispensable concept in understanding American history, whereas there is nothing comparable in Deleuze. Third, their differences will be further revealed when imagining what Lawrence would say about Deleuze’s essay on “Bartleby, the Scrivener” and comparing their interpretations of Moby-Dick, focusing on the character of Ahab.
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