18세기 영국의 차 폐해론 고찰 ―조나스 한웨이의 『차에 관한 에세이』(An Essay on Tea)를 중심으로―
The British Anti-Tea Theory of the 18th Century―A Study about An Essay on Tea of Jonas Hanway―
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참고문헌
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초록
한웨이가 1757년 발표한 『차에 관한 에세이』(An Essay on Tea)를 분석해보면 차에 대한 비판으로 가득 차 있으며 차에 대한 비판을 넘어 차를 증오하는 마음까지 보인다. 과연 무엇이 한웨이로 하여금 차의 혐오자가 되게 하였는지, 그가 말하는 차의 폐해는 무엇인지를 분석할 필요성이 여기에 있다. 특히 그의 글에는 당시 영국의 사회･경제 모습을 알려주는 많은 단초들이 숨어있다. 차의 예찬은 주로 문인들에 의해 이루어지는데 반해 차에 대한 비판은 많은 경제학자들에 의해 이루어지고 있던 것도 그 때문이다. 그러므로 한웨이의 차 폐해론을 연구하는 것은 분명 의미가 있다. 결론적으로 한웨이의 차에 대한 증오는 ‘애국충정’에서 시작한 것으로 판단되며, 이런 그의 차 폐해론은 상당 부분 객관적이지 못한 것으로 본 글에서 종합･분석되었다. 단 부분적이나마 그의 생각에 동의할 수 있었던 부분은 첫째로, 개인이나 국가적으로 차로 인한 과도한 지출이 나라의 경제상황을 악화시킨다는 점과 둘째로, 온전히 다른 나라에서 수입하는 차에 국민이 길들여지는 것을 염려했던 점이다. 이 부분은 한웨이가 당시의 문제를 정확히 파악하고 있었던 것으로 보인다.
Abstract
This paper analyses Jonas Hanway’s pamphlet An Essay on Tea. Hanway’s pamphlet was seen not only full of harsh criticism of tea but also Hanway’s extreme hatred toward tea drinking. Therefore it is necessary to find out what made him be so called ‘tea-phobic’, and what were the harmful effects of tea to him. Especially, during the analyzing, in his pamphlet, I found lots of hints that explain the socio-economic state of England in those days. I briefly understood that it is why most of economists criticized tea drinking while many literary men praised tea. With the above mentioned necessity and understanding about Hanway’s pamphlet, therefore, I set the purpose of this paper’s study. In conclusion, I understood that most of Hanway's criticisms were not doing in an objective standard because his harsh criticism of tea had begun from his immoderate national patriotism. In some parts, nevertheless, I agree with him. By those parts, I accepted that Hanway seems to have an accurate picture what was wrong with tea. Firstly, it is that the excessive spending on tea would be a role of aggravating national economic and social situations. Secondly, it is his warning against imported tea being one of indispensable necessities because it also would be a fact endangers national situations.
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