Kushta Jast, a conventional herbo-mineral immunity booster tonic: potential use in COVID-19
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Kushta Jast (KJ) is a unique herbo-mineral preparation of the Unani System of Medicine (USM) which is prepared by taklis (calcination) and prescribed by the practitioners of USM for the treatment of various ailments, including the respiratory ailments. It is used as muqawwi (tonic) to boost the immunity (Muqawwi-i-badan), and can increase the phagocyte activity of the immune cells, thereby, promoting the growth and spread of lymphocytes and increasing circulating antibodies to neutralize a harmful pathogen and reduce humma or body fever (Dafi‘-i-humma). Incidentally, the principal mineral component of KJ, zinc, has been widely acknowledged for its beneficial influence on the immune function, and decrease the risk of developing serious respiratory illnesses. In this manuscript, we provide a glimpse of the literature on KJ and postulate its potential beneficial effects in respiratory infections, including COVID-19.
Abstract
Kushta Jast (KJ) is a unique herbo-mineral preparation of the Unani System of Medicine (USM) which is prepared by taklis (calcination) and prescribed by the practitioners of USM for the treatment of various ailments, including the respiratory ailments. It is used as muqawwi (tonic) to boost the immunity (Muqawwi-i-badan), and can increase the phagocyte activity of the immune cells, thereby, promoting the growth and spread of lymphocytes and increasing circulating antibodies to neutralize a harmful pathogen and reduce humma or body fever (Dafi‘-i-humma). Incidentally, the principal mineral component of KJ, zinc, has been widely acknowledged for its beneficial influence on the immune function, and decrease the risk of developing serious respiratory illnesses. In this manuscript, we provide a glimpse of the literature on KJ and postulate its potential beneficial effects in respiratory infections, including COVID-19.
참고문헌 (70)
- Ahmed F, "Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of Lippia nodifloraLinn", Pharmazie, 59(4), pp.329~330 (2004)
- Ali A, "Maqalat-e-Ahsani" (1914), Dar Matba, Nami Nawal Kishore
- Ali MN, "Nasirul Moalijeen" (1860), Matba Alwi Muhammad Ali Bakhsh
- Andreini C, "A bioinformatics view of zinc enzymes", J Inorg Biochem, 111, pp.150~156 (2012)
- Anonymous, "National Formulary of Unani Medicine" (2006), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
- Arshi MMN, "Mufradat-e-Arshi" (1929), Kutubkhana Arshi Dhanola, Pratap Press
- Arumanavagam S, "Hepatoprotective and antibacterial activity of Lippia nodifloraLinn. against lipopolysaccharides on HepG2 cells", Pharmacogn Mag, 11(41), pp.24~31 (2015)
- Asdamongkol N, "Low plasma zinc levels andimmunological responses to zinc supplementation in HIV-infected patients with immunological discordance after antiretroviral therapy", J Infect Dis, 66, pp.469~474 (2013)
- Aziz N, "Kushta(s) : unique herbo-mineral preparations used in SouthAsian traditional medicine", Med Hypotheses, 59(4), pp.468~472 (2002)
- Balamurugan R, "Antidiabetic activity of γ-sitosterol isolated from Lippia nodiflora L. in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats", Eur J Pharmacol, 667, pp.410~418 (2011)
- Bates CJ, "A trial of zinc supplementation in young rural Gambian children", Br J Nutr, 69(1), pp.243~255 (1993)
- Beck FW, "Decreased expression of CD73 (ecto-5′-nucleotidase in the CD8+ subset is associated with zinc deficiency in human patients", J Lab Clin Med., 130(2), pp.147~156 (1997)
- Beck FW, "Changes in cytokine production and T cell subpopulations in experimentally induced zinc-deficient humans", Am J Physiol, 272(6 Pt 1), pp.E1002~E1007 (1997)
- Bhandari N, "Routine zinc supplementation on pneumonia in children aged 6 months to 3 years: randomized controlled trial in an urban slum", BMJ, 324(7350), pp.1358~ (2002)
- Cakman I, "Zincsupplementation reconstitutes the production of interferon-α by leukocytes from elderly persons", J Interferon Cytokine Res, 17(8), pp.469~472 (1997)
- Durairaj AK, "Effect on inhibition of proliferation and antioxidant enzyme level of Lippia nodiflorain EAC cell line treated mice", J Comp IntegMed, 6, pp.713~714 (2009)
- Eby GA, "Reduction in duration of common colds by zinc gluconate lozenges in a double-blind study", Antimicrob Agen Chemother, 25, pp.20~24 (1984)
- Fazlullah M, "Makhzanul Mufradat Maroofba Jamia-ul-Advia" (1877), Dar Matba Anwar Muhammad
- Ferrari E, "Characterization of soluble hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase expressed in Escherichia coli", Virol, 73(2), pp.1649~1654 (1999)
- Fraker PJ, "Reprogramming of the immune system during zinc deficiency", Annu Rev Nutr, 24, pp.277~298 (2004)
- Gadhvi R, "Antihypertensive efficacy of Lippia nodiflora-whole plant on uninephrectomized doca-salt hypertensive rats", IOSR J Pharm, 2, pp.24~28 (2012)
- Ghani N, "Khazainul Advia" (2011), Idara Kitabul Shifa)
- Godfrey JC, "Zinc gluconate and the common cold-a controlled clinical-study", J Int Med Res, 20(3), pp.234~246 (1992)
- Himoto T, "Efficacy of zinc administration in patients with hepatitis C virus-related chronic liver disease", Scand J Gastroenterol, 42(9), pp.1078~1087 (2007)
- HuliszD, "Efficacy of zinc against common cold viruses: an overview", J Am Pharm Assoc, 44(5), pp.594~603 (2003)
- Hung M, "Biochemical characterization of rhinovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase", Antiviral Res, 56(2), pp.99~114 (2002)
- Husain TS, "Lughat-e-Kishori" (1981), Matba Munshi Tejkumar Pvt. Ltd
- Jagan N, "Ilm-wa-Amal Kushtajaat" (1981), Taksal Ayurvedic Pharmacy
- Kabir al-Din HM, "Kitabul Advia" (1955), Daftar al-Masih, Bazar Nur al-Umara
- Kabir al-Din HM, "Ilmul Advia Nafeesi" (2007), Aijaz Publishing House
- Kabiral-Din HM, "Makhzanul Mufradat" (2000), Faisal Publication
- Kalam MA, "Bukan Booti(Lippia nodifloraL.) -A Lesser Known Unani Drug", Hipp. J. Unani Med, 11(4), pp.131~139 (2016)
- Kareem B, "Miftahul Khazain Darbayan Iksir-wa-Rasayan" (1960), Darul Kutub Rafiqul Atibba
- Kawaguchi A, "Effects of branched-chain amino acids and zinc-enriched nutrients on prognosticators in HCV-infected patients : A multicenter randomized controlled trial", Mol Med Rep, 11(3), pp.2159~2166 (2015)
- Khan HJ, "Al-Hikmat", pp.45~46 (1950), Hindustani Dawakhana
- Kim YJ, "Zinc Increases the phagocytic capacity of canine peripheral blood phagocytes invitro", Vet Res Commun, 33(3), pp.251~261 (2009)
- Korant BD, "Inhibition by zinc of rhinovirus protein cleavage : interaction of zinc with capsid polypeptides", J Virol, 18(1), pp.298~306 (1976)
- Korant BD, "Zinc ions inhibit replication of rhinoviruses", Nature, 248(449), pp.588~590 (1974)
- Kumaresan P, "Neuropharmacologicalactivity of Lippia nodiflora Linn", Pharmacog Res, 3(3), pp.194~200 (2011)
- Lambert SA, "The human transcription factors", Cell, 172(4), pp.650~665 (2018)
- Lassi ZS, "Zinc supplementation for the prevention of pneumoniain children aged 2 months to 59 months", 12(12), pp.CD005978~ (2016)
- Lazarczyk M, "Regulation of cellular zinc balance as a potential mechanism of EVER mediated protection against pathogenesis by cutaneous oncogenic human papillomaviruses", J Exp Med, 205(1), pp.35~42 (2008)
- Lodha R, "Immunologic effect of zinc supplementation in HIV-infected children receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy : a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial", J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 66(4), pp.386~392 (2014)
- Malik A, "Zinc supplementation for prevention of acute respiratory infections in infants : a randomized controlled trial", Indian Pediatr, 51(10), pp.780~784 (2014)
- Martinez-Estevez NS, "Effects of zinc supplementation in the prevention of respiratory tract infections and diarrheal disease in Colombian children : a 12-month randomized controlled trial", Allergol ImmunopatholMadr, 44(4), pp.368~375 (2016)
- Mathur NK, "Oral zinc as an adjunct to dapsone in lepromatous leprosy", Int J Lepr OthMyc Dis, 52(3), pp.331~338 (1984)
- Mathur NK, "Oral zinc in recurrent erythema nodosum leprosum reaction", Lepr Ind, 55(3), pp.547~552 (1983)
- Mossad SB, "Zinc gluconate lozenges for treating the common cold-a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study", Ann Intern Med, 125(2), pp.81~88 (1996)
- Murakami Y, "Zinc supplementation prevents the increase of transaminase in chronic hepatitis C patients during combination therapy with pegylated interferon alpha-2b and ribavirin", J Nutr Sci Vitaminol. (Tokyo), 53(3), pp.213~218 (2007)
- Overbeck S, "Modulating the immune response by oral zinc supplementation : a single approach for multiple diseases", Arch Immu Ther Exp, 56, pp.15~30 (2008)
- Petrus EJ, "Randomized, double masked, placebo-controlled clinical study of the effectiveness of zinc acetate lozenges on common cold symptoms in allergy-tested subjects", 59(9), pp.595~607 (1998)
- Prasad AS, "Anti-oxidant effect of zinc in humans", Free Radic Biol Med, 37(8), pp.1182~1190 (2004)
- Prasad AS, "Zinc supplementation decreases incidence of infections in the elderly : Effect of zinc on generation of cytokines and oxidative stress", Am J Clin Nutr, 85(3), pp.837~844 (2007)
- Prasad AS, "Duration of symptoms and plasma cytokine levels in patients with the common cold treated with zinc acetate-a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial", Ann Intern Med, 133, pp.245~252 (2000)
- Prasad AS, "Serum thymulin in human zinc deficiency", J Clin Invest, 82(4), pp.1202~1210 (1988)
- Qiu M, "Zinc ionophores pyrithione inhibits herpes simplex virus replication through interfering with proteasome function and NF-κB activation", Antiviral Res, 100(1), pp.44~53 (2013)
- Rafiq al-Din HM, "Kanzul Advia Mufrada" (1985), University Publication Unit
- Rosado J, "Zinc supplementation reduced morbidity, but neither zinc nor iron supplementation affected growth or body composition of Mexican preschoolers", Am J Clin Nutr, 65(1), pp.13~19 (1997)
- Rukgauer M, "Reference values for the trace elements copper, manganese, selenium, and zinc in the serum", plasma of children, adolescents, and adults, 1997, pp.11(2), 92~98
- Satyanarayana U, "Biochemistry" (2013), Elsevier
- Sazawal S, "Efficacy of zinc supplementation in reducing the incidence and prevalence of acute diarrhea-a community-based, double-blind, controlled trial", Am J Clin Nutr, 66(2), pp.413~418 (1997)
- Sazawal S, "Zinc supplementation reduces the incidence of acute lower respiratory infections in infants and preschool children : a double-blind, controlled trial", Pediatrics, 102(1 Pt 1), pp.1~5 (1998)
- Serfling E, "The architecture of the interleukin-2 promoter : a reflection of T-lymphocyte activation", Biochim Biophys Acta, 1263(3), pp.181~200 (1995)
- Shah UH, "The efficacy of zinc supplementation in young children with acute lower respiratory infections : a randomized double-blind controlled trial", Clin Nutr, 32(2), pp.193~199 (2013)
- Shankar AH, "Nutritional modulation of malaria morbidity and mortality", J Infect Dis, 1, pp.S37~S53 (2000)
- Suara RO, "Effect of zinc salts on respiratory syncytial virus replication", Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 48(3), pp.783~790 (2004)
- "COVID-19 Supplements: Australian Researchers Start First Clinical Trial to Test Effects of Intravenous Zinc in COVID-19 Patients" (2020)[URL]
- Turner RB, "Effect of treatment with zinc gluconate or zinc acetate on experimental and natural colds", Clin Infect Dis, 31(5), pp.1202~1208 (2000)
- Zaki MM, "Makhzan-ul-Mufridat Maroofba Khawasul Adviya" (1890), Sheikh Muhammad Yameen Tajir Kutub
- Zazzo JF, "Effect of zinc on the immune status of zinc-depleted AIDS related complex patients", Clin Nutr, 8(5), pp.259~261 (1989)
