Combined Effects of Inspiratory Muscle and Aerobic Training on Pulmonary Function and 24-h Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Sedentary Young Men : A Feasibility Study
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(Purpose) This study investigated whether combining inspiratory muscle training (IMT) with aerobic training (AT) produces greater short-term pulmonary and cardiovascular benefits than either intervention alone. (Methods) Twenty-eight sedentary men were randomly assigned to one of three groups: IMT, AT, or IMT +AT for four weeks. IMT involved breathing at 30% of the maximal inspiratory pressure for 30 minutes, five days per week. AT consisted of treadmill-based high-intensity interval exercise for 40 minutes, three days per week. Respiratory muscle strength, lung function, heart rate variability, and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure were assessed before and after the intervention. (Results) The combined training group demonstrated greater improvements in maximal inspiratory pressure and voluntary ventilation than the single-intervention groups. Significant reductions in awake and asleep diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure occurred only in IMT+AT. Enhanced autonomic balance, reflected in heart rate variability indices, was also evident after combined training. No significant changes in respiratory muscle myographic activation or exercise performance were detected in any group. (Conclusions) Integrating IMT and AT provides synergistic benefits for pulmonary function and cardiovascular regulation. This combined approach may support efficient rehabilitation, and future studies should clarify its long-term adaptation in individuals with pulmonary disease and/or hypertension.
Abstract
(Purpose) This study investigated whether combining inspiratory muscle training (IMT) with aerobic training (AT) produces greater short-term pulmonary and cardiovascular benefits than either intervention alone. (Methods) Twenty-eight sedentary men were randomly assigned to one of three groups: IMT, AT, or IMT +AT for four weeks. IMT involved breathing at 30% of the maximal inspiratory pressure for 30 minutes, five days per week. AT consisted of treadmill-based high-intensity interval exercise for 40 minutes, three days per week. Respiratory muscle strength, lung function, heart rate variability, and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure were assessed before and after the intervention. (Results) The combined training group demonstrated greater improvements in maximal inspiratory pressure and voluntary ventilation than the single-intervention groups. Significant reductions in awake and asleep diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure occurred only in IMT+AT. Enhanced autonomic balance, reflected in heart rate variability indices, was also evident after combined training. No significant changes in respiratory muscle myographic activation or exercise performance were detected in any group. (Conclusions) Integrating IMT and AT provides synergistic benefits for pulmonary function and cardiovascular regulation. This combined approach may support efficient rehabilitation, and future studies should clarify its long-term adaptation in individuals with pulmonary disease and/or hypertension.