장애인 삶의 질과 행복지수에 관한 연구: 장애인고용패널 중심의 세 집단 비교
A study on the quality of life and happiness index of the 5th Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled
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초록
이 연구는 2013년 제 5차 장애인고용패널에서 조사된 4,297명의 장애인들 중에서 세 장애집단에 속한 지체장애인 2,180명, 뇌병변장애인 432명, 그리고 지적장애인 189명 모두 2,801명의 자료를 토대로 하여 그 특성들을 삶의 질, 개인조건, 행복지수와 관련하여 비교 분석하고 결과를 제시하였다. 개인의 삶과 행복지수는 주관적 요소와 객관적 측면에서 다루어질 수 있는데, 재활과 복지서비스 욕구가 높은 이들 세 집단의 패널조사에서 지적장애인은 교우관계와 대인관계상의 불만이 높게 나타나 지체장애인의 약 두배에 이른다. 그러나 결혼만족도에서는 지적장애인 집단이 지체장애인과 뇌병변장애인들에 비해 약 5배 가까이 높게 응답하고 있다. 소득 면에서도 지체장애인, 뇌병변장애인, 지적장애인의 순으로 높게 응답했다. 뇌성마비장애는 진행성 장애는 아니지만 정지 상태로 남지 않기 때문에 노령화와 함께 경직, 에너지의 평형성, 관절염, 통증, 걸음걸이, 민첩성, 경련, 언어, 식사, 근육 수축의 문제, 회전이나 방향 전환 시의 곤란, 체중조절 등의 문제에 직면한다. 연령의 증가와 더불어 나타나는 신체적 퇴보와 기능상실은 좌절감, 근심, 격리, 고독, 의기소침, 우울을 초래할 수 있다. 따라서 장차 기대되는 예후와 불확실성에 대해 대처하기 위한 신체적 조건에 대한 규칙적인 감시와 위기, 최적 수준의 기능을 유지할 수 있는 노력과 고려가 필요하다. 지적장애인은 보통 질문지 응답에서 상대적으로 낮게 평가하는 경향을 고려하더라도 이런 연구결과들은 장애인들의 재활과 복지를 비롯한 각종 사회서비스를 제공하고 정책수립시에 충분히 장애 영역과 개인별로 초점을 둔 특성화되고 차별화된 노력과 배려가 필요하다는 점을 시사하고 있다.
Abstract
This study was aimed at investigating the characteristics of persons with physical, brain lesion, and intellectual disabilities, with regard to their quality of life and happiness. Descriptive statistics and ANOVAs were carried out upon several important independent variables such as interpersonal relationships, marriage, leisure activities and income. 2,801 persons with disabilities among a total of 4,297 panel were analyzed; 2,180 persons with physical disabilities, 432 persons with brain lesion, and 189 persons with intellectual disabilities, respectively. The group of intellectual disabilities is less satisfied with peer relations and interpersonal relations compared to other groups of disability, such as physical disability and brain lesion. However, the degree to which persons with intellectual disabilities are satisfied with their marital status was 5 times higher than the other groups, physical disability and brain lesion. In terms of their income, persons with physical disabilities are the highest one among three groups of disabled people. The results of this study indicate that persons with disabilities are required for different policy approaches and strategies to improve their quality of living although people with intellectual disability tend to respond rather passively to each questionnaire item. Vocational rehabilitation professionals should also keep in mind that persons with disabilities are subject to individualized and specialized service preparations and training modules. In conclusion it is necessary to plan and devise an effective program for each individual who needs vocational rehabilitation services. The policy systems and community programs are necessary for being more qualitatively advanced because an important personal indicator or signal to predict employment in general has been significantly low in Korea compared to the non-disabled population.
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