레바논 여성작가 에밀리 나스랄라의 장편소설에 나타난 내전 속 남성과 여성의 태도에 관한 고찰 -『그 기억들』과『시간을 거슬러간 비행』을 중심으로-

Abstract

Among many countries in the Middle East which have experienced of wars, Lebanon has suffered the civil war from 1975 to 1991 and the country become more miserable by the attack of Israel in the summer 2006, before they overcome the civil war. If a novelist is creative and has an excellent literary turn, his works would not avoid the reality. Therefore, Lebanese's life is dissolved in their literary works, of course, and the relation between the wars which Lebanese experienced and their literature has been interacted. Therefore, for the study of attitude men's and women's, the female Lebanese novelist Emily Nasrallah(1931- ) is suitable. She treats the life under war realistically. In addition, she takes the emigration as a main subject which is a serious matter in their society. The main novels in this study are 『Those Memories(1978)』 and 『Flight against Time(1981)』. Both of them were written under the civil war. The first one happens in their country at war, Lebanon, and the other in Canada. The background is different but the most serious matter in Lebanon is emigration, so we need to refer to the life of immigrant for reality. 『Those memories』is giving out the tension of the war. The war is described deeply and accurately in the novel over all, and above all things, it describes terrible sights and sad situations realistically which we would not imagine without experience. 『Flight against Time』has two questions; ‘How's the life on the settlement?' and 'Is it the best way to leave the country because is it at war?'. I would like to search the change of consciousness and awareness of characters under the civil war in the two texts by two axes of man and woman. Characters' consciousness and attitude under the war as follows: Firstly, Conversion of gender role. Gender role is changed and reversed. the role of women has been on duties for 'inner' and man has been a role 'outer', become collapse and confused. At 『Flight against Time』 a man couldn't speak English and then woman manages the store. this scene superficially women's class gets higher, but from other view, women suffer from the war and also makes a living, so It is a real reflection that they afflicts double distress. on the other hand, the man also lost their role as a male, they feels they are useless. Secondly, Relationship between men and women. Getting more strong solidarity with man. they realized the most important is cooperation under the war. in the texts the scene of repairing houses or cultivating their farm land, they couldn't it without cooperation. Thirdly, Awareness of responsibility to their children. Emily Nasrallah points out maternal love more than construction or improvement of the country. this view is attractive. by emphasis on maternal love under the war, It makes that they consider their country as like son and daughter is ill in bed. At the same time, the paternal love is mainly subjected especially in the 『Flight against time』. It reflects that this novel respects the role of a man due to women's voices obtained persuasive power. Fourthly, The matter of leaving and remain. The conflict between emigrants and the people who remain is treated through two works. Any side of them wouldn't be criticized, but novelist and novels point out that if all Lebanese would leave the country, it will bring crisis to the country.